The design of the Martian base was simple.The following are some of the simpler design concepts for the Martian base:
** I. Design by ICON and NASA **
1. ** Overall layout **
- It was a relatively compact space with an area of 158 square meters. There was a 55-inch TV inside to satisfy entertainment needs.
- A gym was included to meet the exercise needs of the residents, which helped to maintain physical functions in the relatively low gravity environment of Mars.
- There was an indispensable area for growing vegetables. This was to achieve self-sufficient food and solve the problem of food supply on Mars.
2. ** Construction Techniques **
- 3D printing technology was the first choice for building a habitat. Because of the lack of building materials on Mars, 3D printing could effectively use limited material resources.
** 2. Design by China Open Construction Firm and Xiaomi **
1. ** Overall layout **
- The exterior looked like a combination of a steampunk style camper and an alien cockpit, and the overall space was compact.
- The interior was minimalistic and functional. There was a main living area that looked like a bathroom with tables, chairs, and storage areas.
- He could use his mobile phone to control the electrical appliances in his home, such as lighting, which showed the characteristics of intelligence.
2. ** Special Attribute **
- This was a self-circulating, zero-pollution residence. Based on the extreme transportation size of 2.4m*2.4m* 2m, it could be flexibly expanded with the thinnest inflatable material.
** 3. First prize in NASA's Mars Habitat 3D Print Challenge (SEArch+/ api Cor team)**
1. ** Overall layout **
- It was a spiral four-story building. This design could achieve a larger living and functional space on a limited land area.
2. ** Construction Techniques **
- The 3D printed Mars base required the use of existing local materials or waste from space missions to complete the construction. This design may follow the requirements for material planning and layout.
The novel "Mars of Paradise" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to read it!
Reflection on the Teaching Design of the Perimeter of a Circular Cone and a CircleThe following is a teaching design and reflection on the circumference of a cylinder and a cone:
##1. Teaching Design
1. ** Teaching goal **
- Knowledge and Skill Target
- To make students understand the concept of the circumference of the bottom of a cylinder and cone through observation and operation, and master its calculation method (according to the circumference formula of a circle, where r is the radius and d is the diameter).
- It could accurately distinguish the difference between the circumference of a cylinder and a cone.
- process, method, goal
- Through the observation, measurement, and related practical operations of cylindrical and conical models, students 'hands-on ability and spatial imagination were cultivated.
- Guide students to explore the calculation of the circumference of the cylinder and cone to improve their logical thinking ability and the ability to solve practical problems.
- Emotions, attitudes, values, goals
- It allowed students to experience the beauty of geometric figures in the process of mathematics learning and experience the close connection between mathematics and life.
- It introduced the history of Pi and stimulated the students 'national pride and passion for learning mathematics.
2. ** Teaching Difficulties **
- teaching focus
- Understand the concept of the circumference of the bottom of a cylinder and cone and master its calculation method.
- Able to accurately use the circumference formula to solve practical problems related to the cylinder and cone, such as finding the circumference of a known bottom radius or diameter, or finding the radius or diameter of a known circumference.
- teaching difficulties
- Understand the relationship between the cone's side profile and the circumference of the bottom (the arc length of the cone's side profile is equal to the circumference of the bottom).
- To let the students understand the relationship between the length of the cylinder's side expansion and the circumference of the bottom (the length of the cylinder's side expansion is equal to the circumference of the bottom), and to be able to use it flexibly in practical calculations.
3. ** Teaching Method **
- [Intuitative demonstration method: By displaying the physical model of the cylinder and cone, animation demonstration, etc., students can intuitively observe their shape and structure, especially the relationship between the bottom and the side, which is helpful to understand the concept of perimeter.]
- Group Cooperation Exploration Method: Arrange students to carry out group activities, such as measuring the diameter and circumference of the bottom of a cylinder and a cone, and discuss the calculation method of the circumference together to cultivate the students 'sense of cooperation and exploration ability.
- Question guidance method: Ask a series of targeted questions to guide the students to think, such as "What is the relationship between the length of the cylinder's side expansion and the bottom?" "How is the arc length of the fan-shaped side profile of a cone related to the circumference of the bottom? To encourage students to actively explore knowledge.
4. ** Teaching process **
- lead-in portion
- Show the cylindrical and conical objects in your daily life, such as cylindrical cups, cans, conical funnels, Christmas hats, etc., guide the students to observe the shape and characteristics of these objects, and ask the students if they know how to calculate the circumference of their bottom surface, thus leading to the topic of this lesson.
- knowledge explanation
- Recalling the circumference formula of a circle, C = 2'pi r='pi d', emphasize that' pi 'is a constant (approximately equal to' 3.14').
- For a cylinder, the bottom of the cylinder was two identical circles, and the circumference of the cylinder was calculated using the circumference formula of the circle. At the same time, it was shown that the side of the cylinder was a rectangular shape (in special cases, it was a square). The length of the rectangular shape was equal to the circumference of the bottom circle, and the width was equal to the height of the cylinder. Students could understand it more intuitively through animation demonstration or physical model expansion.
- For a cone, the circumference of the bottom was also calculated according to the circumference formula of a circle. Then, through the demonstration of the side view of the cone (fan-shaped), it was explained that the arc length of the fan-shaped arc was equal to the circumference of the bottom of the cone, so that the students could understand this special relationship in the calculation of the circumference of the cone.
- group activities
- The students were divided into groups, and each group was given a model of a cylinder and a cone, as well as measuring tools (such as a soft ruler).
- Students were required to measure the diameter of the bottom of the cylinder and cone and calculate the perimeter of the bottom.
- The groups discussed the relationship between the length of the cylindrical side profile and the circumference of the bottom, and the relationship between the fan-shaped arc length of the conical side profile and the circumference of the bottom. Then, each group sent a representative to report.
- class exercise
- Basic exercise: Give the radius or diameter of the base of a cylinder and cone and have students calculate the perimeter of the base.
- For example, if you know the length and height of the cylinder's side profile, find the radius of the cylinder's bottom; if you know the central angle and radius of the cone's side profile, find the perimeter of the cone's bottom.
- Class summary
- Guide students to review the concept, calculation method, and application of the circumference of the bottom of a cylinder and a cone.
- It emphasized the relationship between the circular cylinder's side profile and the bottom circumference, and the relationship between the circular cone's side profile and the bottom circumference.
- after-school homework
- Arrange some practical homework, such as asking students to measure the diameter of the bottom of a cylindrical or conical object at home and calculate the circumference, or design a cylindrical or conical model according to the given circumference.
##2. Reflection on Teaching
1. ** Success **
- The visual teaching effect was good. Through visual teaching methods such as physical display, animation demonstration, and group measurement activities, the students had a clearer understanding of the shape characteristics of the cylinder and cone as well as the concept of perimeter. Most students could accurately calculate the circumference of the bottom of a cylinder and cone, and could apply the relevant knowledge to simple practical problems.
- Teamwork stimulated learning enthusiasm. The development of group activities allowed students to learn from each other and inspire each other through cooperative inquiry, increasing students 'participation and enthusiasm for learning. In the group discussion, students could actively think about the relationship between the side development of the cylinder and cone and the circumference of the bottom, and come to the correct conclusion.
- Connecting it with the reality of life to deepen their understanding. In the homework, students were required to measure and calculate cylindrical and conical objects in their lives, so that students could feel the wide application of mathematical knowledge in their lives and further deepen their understanding of knowledge.
2. ** Inadequacies **
- Some students still had difficulty understanding the cone's side profile. Although they had demonstrated and explained it, some students still found it difficult to understand the relationship between the arc length of the circular cone and the circumference of the bottom. It was easy to make mistakes when solving related complicated problems.
- The difficulty level of the classroom practice was not clear enough. In the classroom practice session, for students with better foundations, some of the questions were less difficult and did not fully develop their potential. For students with weaker foundations, some of the expansion exercises were too difficult, causing them to be afraid of difficulty.
- The timing was not accurate enough. In the group activity segment, because the students were discussing more enthusiastically, they spent more time. As a result, the classroom practice and summary segment were a little rushed, and the students were not allowed to practice and review their knowledge.
3. ** Modification measures **
- In view of the difficulty of the cone side development drawing, more diverse teaching methods were adopted. For example, they could make a conical model that could be disassembled and assembled by the students themselves, so that they could feel the relationship between the arc length of the fan and the circumference of the bottom more intuitively, or they could add some targeted special exercises to let the students deepen their understanding in the practice.
- To improve the design of classroom exercises. The practice questions were divided into three levels: basic, improvement, and expansion. They were arranged according to the different learning levels of the students, so that every student could get effective training in the practice.
- More precise control of teaching time. Before the group activities, the time limit for the discussion was clearly informed to the students. During the inspection process, the teachers guided the students in the direction of the discussion in time to ensure that each teaching session could be carried out according to the plan to avoid situations where the time was too long or too short.
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