Continuous arq protocol and sliding window protocolIn the continuous ARQ protocol, the sender maintained a sending window of a certain size, and the packets within the window could be sent continuously without waiting for the other party's acknowledgment. The sender would slide the sending window forward by one packet every time it received an acknowledgment. The receiver usually uses the method of accumulating acknowledgement, that is, after receiving several packets, it sends an acknowledgement to the last packet that arrives in order, indicating that all the packets up to this packet have been received correctly. However, this method has shortcomings. For example, when the middle packet is lost, the sender cannot know the situation of the subsequent packets, and may need to re-transmit more packets.
The sliding window protocol involves a sending window and a receiving window. The transmit window is the range of sequence numbers of the frames that have been sent but have not been acknowledged, and the receive window is the range of sequence numbers of the frames that are expected to be received. When the default window size is 1, you can operate according to the specific sending process. The sliding window protocol could improve the channel utilization and was a reliable transmission mechanism for data communication.
The continuous ARQ protocol can be seen as a specific application form of the sliding window protocol under certain conditions (such as the cumulative acknowledgment method). They are all protocol mechanisms that exist to achieve effective and reliable data transmission in the network.
"Choose" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to read it!
Backward n frame protocol and selective repeat protocolGo-back- N (GGN):
- In the stop-and-wait protocol, the sender can only send one frame at a time, and the channel utilization rate is low. However, the backward N-frame protocol uses a sliding window method, and the sender maintains a set of sending windows, and can send multiple data frames at a time. The receiver uses the method of cumulative confirmation, and the sender moves the sending window forward after receiving the confirmation. When there was a problem (such as frame loss or long delay), the sender used the method of retreating N frames to re-transmit. The timer here was used to recover data frames or confirm the loss of frames, similar to the timer in the pause protocol.
Choosing the Repeat protocol:
- Different from the N-frame backward protocol, when the receiver receives an out-of-order frame, it will not discard all subsequent frames like the N-frame backward protocol. Instead, it will buffer the correctly received out-of-order frame. When the sender found that a frame was lost, it only retransmitted the lost frame, instead of retransmitting the subsequent N frames from the lost frame like the backward N frames protocol. This could avoid unnecessary data retransmissions and improve transmission efficiency, especially in a poor network environment with a high packet loss rate.
Both of these two types of protocol were designed to deal with the loss of frames and the disorder of order during data transmission to improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. However, the specific ways in which they dealt with the problem were different.
"Choose" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to read it!
protocol translationThe price quoted for contractual translation was usually affected by many factors:
1. ** Language pair **: Common ones such as Chinese-English translation may cost 200 - 400 yuan per 1,000 words; translation between minor languages and Chinese may cost 300 - 500 yuan per 1,000 words.
2. ** The complexity of the agreement **: For general agreements, the terms are relatively common and simple, and the fee is relatively low, about 200 - 300 yuan/1,000 words; for agreements involving complicated legal terms, professional terms, and strict format requirements, the fee may be 350 - 500 yuan/1,000 words.
3. ** Delivery Time **: During the normal delivery period, the above standard charges will be applied. If the customer requests urgent delivery, an additional fee may be added.
4. ** Translator's Quality Requirement **: Standard quality, able to accurately convey the content of the agreement, moderate fee; High quality, accurate language, compliance with legal documents, high fee.
In general, the price of the contract translation was about 200 - 500 yuan per thousand words. The specific price still needed to be confirmed in detail. In addition, the word "protocol" has different meanings in different scenarios. In the Internet industry, it has the meaning of "protocol"(for example, the full name of the IP address is Internet Protocol Address). In the political context, it is inclined to reach a political consensus, rule, or speech technique (such as political protocol). In the diplomatic context, it means a set of rules or etiquette (such as diplomatic protocol). When translating the protocol, you need to accurately understand the meaning of these words in different context.
"Choose" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to read it!
ARP protocolThe Address Resolution Protocol was a network layer protocol. It was between the data link layer and the network layer. It played a vital role in network communication, just like the address translator in the network. Its main function was to convert the IP address of the network layer to the data link layer's IP address. This was because in network communication, although the IP address was used to identify the host at the network layer, it was forwarded through the IP address at the data link layer (such as the ether network).
The host or the layer 3 network device would maintain an ARP-table to store the IP address and the MAC-address map. The ARP-table entries included dynamic and static ARP-table entries. The working process was as follows: When host A needed to communicate with host B, it first determined the forwarded IP address according to the route table, and then checked the local ARP-buffer. If there was no matching address, it would broadcast an ARP-request frame in the network. All hosts in the same broadcast domain will receive this request. For example, after receiving the request, host C will find that the destination address is not its own, and then it will buffer the address of host A into its own ARP-table, and then discard the packet. After receiving the request, host B will find that the destination address is its own, and then it will buffer the address of host A and give a response. Then it will package its own address in the response ARP-packet and send it to host A. After receiving the response, host A will update its own ARP-buffer.
There were two ways to obtain the ARPs: static and dynamic. The static acquisition was equivalent to manually configuration of the address map in the ARP-table. If the physical address changed, it would need to be manually changed, which was more troublesome. The dynamic acquisition was to obtain and update the address map by the host through the protocol, which was relatively convenient. In addition, there was also a free ARP-type message that was used to detect whether there was an IP address conflict. It would send a broadcast message with the same source and destination IP. Under normal circumstances, it was not expected to receive a response. If a response was received, it meant that there was an address conflict. In the Windows system, there were related ARP-commands. For example, ARP-a could check the ARP-buffer table, and ARP-d could delete the ARP-buffer table. However, due to network communication requirements, the buffer table might be regenerated immediately. In November 1982, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IetF) published the Internet Packet Packet Interface Problem (ARPG) 826. It was an indispensable protocol for the Internet Packet Interface Version 4, which was the most widely used version of the Internet protocol.(The Internet Packet Interface Version 6 was still in the early stages of deployment.) The role of the ARP-protocol in the car's ether network was the same as that of the traditional ether network.
"Choose" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to read it!
The Charm of the EnchantressThere were a few novels similar to " The Charming Enchantress " that were recommended. These novels included Charm the World: The Legend of Daji, The Non-Toxic Concubine: The Charm King, Come Obediently, The Demon's Phantom, The Demon Concubine Returns to Court, The Demon's Journey to the Other World, The Charm of the High Official, The Demon Above, The Special Agent Phoenix Concubine Charm the Demon, and Charm the Demon Capital. These novels covered different types such as ancient romance, classical fiction, suspense fantasy, and modern novels. They had a variety of storylines and were suitable for readers who liked to read about enchanting enchantresses.
Enchantress WorldThe World of the Enchantress was a role-playing mobile games. The game was set in ancient mythology, and players would play the role of brave warriors, fighting with all kinds of demonesses to resist evil forces and protect the peace and tranquility of the world. The game had beautiful graphics and rich content. Players could experience intense and exciting battle scenes and feel the unique charm of the demoness. At the same time, the game had a rich equipment, skills, and mission system, allowing players to continuously grow and improve their strength. The gameplay includes creating characters (Choose a character with unique skills and attributes according to your preferences), Complete the mission (Able to obtain EXP, gold coins, and items to increase level and strength), Recruit Enchantress (Assist in battle as a partner), Equipment Enhancement (Through killing monsters, completing missions, or purchasing equipment to strengthen and increase attributes) and team challenges (Teaming up with other players to deal with powerful enemies can increase your strength and make friends), etc. The game process includes the initial stage.(Familiarize yourself with the gameplay through novice quests, recruit Enchantresses, and strengthen equipment to increase your strength), growth stage (As you level up and face more powerful enemies and complex challenges, you need to increase your skill attributes and recruit more powerful Enchantresses to deal with them), peak confrontation (when you reach a certain level, you can participate in the fight for honor and generous rewards), as well as reasonable allocation of resources, recruitment of powerful Enchantresses, and other key points.
"The Overlord and the Enchantress"There were many versions of " The Concubine ":
- It was released in the United States on December 21, 1949 by Cecil B. Directed by DeMille and starred by Heidi Lamar and Angela Lansbury, it was a mythical story about Samson, the Hercules, who was first seduced by beauty and then repented to destroy his sins. This film won the 23rd Academy Awards for Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, and Best Color Film Art Direction.
- The 1996 version was directed by Nicholas Roeger and starred Eric Tell, Elizabeth Hurley, and Jonathan Rice Meyers. It was a reinterpretation of the Bible story about Samson's loss of strength after his hair was cut.
Actor Wu Chufan had also played villains in " The Concubine," such as tyrannical warlords.
" Fairy Dream of Tang Shi: Fate of Peony " is equally wonderful. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The Heavenly EnchantressHe recommended a few good novels. " From Amateur Player to Grassland Tycoon," a sports and football novel written by a field seller. At the age of 24, China amateur player Rossi became the owner of an amateur football club after visiting Europe. In ten years, he made the club on the verge of bankruptcy move to the professional arena, competing with star players and competing with famous coaches. Football was an important puzzle for him to build a business empire.
Daily Life of the Demon Lord's Reemployment, a Xianxia novel by Jiu Cai. After Demon Lord Qian Yue ascended to the Upper Realm, she was miserably pushed off the Demon Slayer Stage and reborn. She wanted to cultivate the Demon, but things always went against her wishes and she became an immortal cultivator. The female lead had a pleasant personality, and the story was light and pleasant. Although it was a new book, it was very interesting. The recommendation index was four stars.
" She's Killing People with Heavenly Dao Relations ", a Xianxia novel written by the Green Lotus Music Bureau. The female protagonist, Jiang Tang, was like a person who had connections with the Heavenly Dao. If she was lucky, she could kill people and gain merit, and she could even come back to life. The female protagonist's creation was very good, and she had the mentality of a female protagonist.
The Devil Cultivator's Survival Guide, created by Sang Shen. The female lead, Jin Ling, was a orthodox demonic cultivator. There was no male lead. The female lead had a tenacious personality and experienced many hardships before becoming a demonic cultivator. The plot was compact and was a very good demonic cultivation novel.
" Covering the Sky: The Female Empress Proud of the World ", a Xianxia novel written by Zuo Zhua. It described the legendary path of the Vicious Emperor. There was no CP, no system, and no transmigration. From Nannan to the Empress, it showed the vast world of Xianxia. Although the writing was biased towards men, it was very exciting.
The novel " Underworld Commander-in-Chief's Bloody World " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Who is Angela in 'angela the herbalist novel'?In the 'angela the herbalist novel', Angela could be a herbalist with unique skills and knowledge. Maybe she uses her herbal expertise to solve various problems in the story, like helping the sick or dealing with some sort of mystery related to herbs. Without more context, it's hard to be more precise.
2 answers
2024-11-07 18:53
AngelaI didn't find any relevant content. You can try to provide other topics, and I'll try my best to answer them for you.
While waiting for the anime, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of The King's Avatar!