Elementary math problem solving tricks and answersHere are some tips for solving elementary math problems:
** Arithmetic class of the first and fourth rules **
1. ** Clear the relationship between the four operations **
- This was the key to solving the four arithmetic problems. For example, in a division algorithm, the relationship between the dividends, the divisions, the quotient, and the remainder must be clear (dividends = divisions x quotient + remainder). If you encounter a problem like "() div5 = 6... 4", you must be able to determine that the dividends in the parenthesis represent the dividends. According to the relationship, the dividends are calculated as 5×6 + 4=34.
** 2. Problem Solvers **
1. ** Confirm the quantity in the question and the quantity required **
- Seeking the price, the total amount of work, the amount of each portion, and the distance were common test points. For example, in the itinerary problem, one had to be clear about whether the time, speed, or distance given in the question was time, speed, or distance. Then, one had to solve the question according to the relationship of "speed x time = distance,""distance/speed = time,""distance/time = speed," and so on. For example, if Xiao Ming walked 10 minutes to school every day and walked 50 meters per minute, 10 minutes was time and 50 meters was speed. To find the distance from Xiao Ming's home to school (distance), 50×10 = 500 meters.
- When it came to money, one had to distinguish between the original price, current price, cost price, selling price, and other concepts. Combined with the reality of life, one had to find an equivalent relationship to solve it.
2. ** Practically **
- Some abstract mathematical concepts could be understood through practical operations. For example, in the first grade, the students could understand the advance rate of yuan, angle and minute by strengthening the practical operation; in the middle grade, the practical operation could reduce the confusion of concepts when teaching circumference and area; in the senior grade, the use of Quissonite wood strips or counting boards to guide the operation could reduce the difficulty of learning.
3. ** Seeking answers from everyday life **
- To connect mathematics knowledge with daily life. For example, in the "direction identification" teaching, create a scene of direction identification in daily life, introduce new lessons, let students solve practical problems in the simulated street, explore new directions, and then use the knowledge they have learned to solve the direction problems in life, such as judging the direction of the surrounding children, drawing the zoo map, etc.
4. ** Simply simplify the problem and find conditions from the problem **
- Experience and understand mathematics in real life situations. For example, according to the situation of the teacher's daughter drinking milk, she would propose a mathematical problem and solve it according to the amount of milk she drank each time, so as to understand the knowledge of "moving more to make up for less."
- Independent thinking, independent exploration, and cooperation and communication are encouraged. For example, in the teaching of finding the average, after the teacher raised the question, the students would discuss it in small groups to find the relationship between the number of the applied questions.
- The content of the lessons should come from daily life, using data and questions from daily life, such as average scores, average height, seasonal water consumption, etc., to make students feel that mathematics was right beside them.
5. ** Cultivate application awareness and problem solving skills **
- Using his life experience, he could apply the mathematics knowledge he had learned to his daily life. For example, in the car rental problem, 27 people could take a car. One car could take 8 people, and the other car could take 4 people. First, a variety of car rental plans were given, and then according to the rent of different cars (the first car was 300 yuan/day, the second car was 200 yuan/day), which plan cost the least.
6. ** Searching for patterns from problems **
- For some numbers, such as 50, 98, 38, 10, and 51, the size relationship between them was described in terms of larger, smaller, much larger, and much smaller, and represented by " He could also use some daily estimations to understand the rules, such as how thick 1200 pieces of paper were, how many classes 1200 students could form, how long 1200 steps were, and so on.
** 3. Mathematical Olympiad category **
1. ** The problem of crossing the bridge by train and sailing by water **
- He had to grasp the specific relationship of such problems. For example, when a train crossed a bridge, the length of the train itself had to be taken into account; when sailing on water, the speed in the water = ship speed + water speed, and the speed against the water = ship speed-water speed.
2. ** Concentration problem **
- He had to distinguish the concepts of solute, solution, and solution. Solute is something that is put into a liquid (it may be a solid or a liquid), the solution is water (liquid), and the solution is a mixture of solute and the solution.
** 4. Solution Skills **
1. ** Drawing Method **
- For some sum and difference problems, drawing could make the abstract problem graphic and easy to understand. For example, the sum of two numbers is 81, and the difference between the two numbers is 19. You can draw a line diagram and represent the decimals and large numbers with line segments. According to the difference being 19 and the sum being 81, you can first find the decimals as (81 - 19) div2 = 31 and the large numbers as 31+19 = 50.
2. ** Techniques for solving equations **
- When solving an equation, such as the equation "80-(x + 2) div3 =76", the complex parts could be regarded as a whole. First, he calculated 80 minus 76, which gave (x + 2) div3 = 4. Then, he calculated x + 2 = 12, which gave x = 10.
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Elementary math formulas and concepts for grades 1 to 61. ** Calculating formulas for the perimeter, area, and volume of a geometric object **
- The circumference of a rectangular shape =(length + width)×2, and the area = length × width.
- The circumference of a square = side length x 4, and the area = side length x side length.
- The area of the triangle = base × height × 2, and the sum of the internal angles of the triangle = 180 degrees.
- The area of the quadrilateral = base x height.
- The area of the echelon =(top base + bottom)× height/2.
- diameter = radius ×2, radius = diameter × 2; circumference of a circle = pi × diameter = pi × radius ×2; area of a circle = pi × radius × radius.
- The volume of a cuboid = length x width x height; the volume of a cuboid (or cube)= base area x height; the volume of a cube = edge length x edge length x edge length.
- The area of the ring, the area of the fan, the circumference of the fan (related to the central angle n), and other formulas.
2. ** Unit Conversion **
- [Length1 kilometer = 1 kilometer = 1000 meters, 1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters = 1000 millimeters.]
- Area: 1 square meter = 100 square decimeters = 10000 square centimeters = 1000000 square millimeters, 1 square kilometer = 100 hectares, 1 hectares = 10000 square meters, 1 mu = 666.666 square meters.
- [Volume: 1 cubic meter = 1000 cubic decimeters = 1000000 cubic centimeters = 1000000000 cubic millimeters]
- [Weight: 1 ton = 1000 kg = 1000000 g = 1000 kg = 2000 catties.]
- Volume: 1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter = 1000 milliliters, 1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter.
- 1 yuan = 10 jiao = 100 cents.
- Time: 1st century = 100 years, 1 year = 12 months (31 days in the big months: January, March, May, July, August, October, December; 30 days in the small months: April, June, September, November; 28 days in February in normal years, 29 days in February in leap years; 365 days in normal years, 366 days in leap years), 1 day = 24 hours, 1 hour = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds, 1 hour = 3600 seconds.
3. ** Calculating related laws and formulas **
- Commutative law of addition: The position of the addend is exchanged by adding two numbers, and the sum is unchanged.
- The law of additivity: When adding three numbers, first add the first two numbers, or first add the last two numbers, and then add the third number, the sum remains unchanged.
- Commutative law of multiplication: When two numbers are multiplied, the position of the factor is exchanged, and the product remains unchanged.
- Combination law of multiplication: When three numbers are multiplied, first multiply the first two numbers, or multiply the last two numbers first, and then multiply the third number. The product remains unchanged.
- Multiplication distribution law: When two numbers are multiplied by the same number, you can multiply the two addend numbers by this number, and then add the two products together. The result is the same.
- The nature of division: In division, the dividends and the divisions are expanded (or reduced) by the same multiple at the same time, and the quotient is unchanged. Dividing 0 by any number that is not 0 will result in 0.
- An equation: The value on the left side of the equal sign is equal to the value on the right side of the equal sign. If both sides of the equation are multiplied (or divided) by the same number, the equation is still valid.
- An equation that contained an unknown number was called an equation. A one-dimensional linear equation that contained an unknown number and the degree of the unknown number was one was called a one-dimensional linear equation.
- Fraction: Divide the unit "1" into several parts, which represents such a part or a few points. It is called a fraction. If you add or subtract a fraction with the same numerator, you only add or subtract the numerator, and the numerator remains unchanged. If you add or subtract a fraction with a different numerator, you first divide it, and then add or subtract it. If you compare a fraction with a numerator, the numerator is larger, and the numerator is smaller. If you compare a fraction with a fraction with a different numerator, you divide it first and then compare it. If the numerator is the same, the numerator is smaller.
4. ** Formula for Calculating the Relationship between the Numbers **
- Unit price x quantity = total price.
- Unit yield x quantity = total production.
- Speed x time = distance.
- Work efficiency x time = total work.
- Addenda + addend = sum; one addend = sum-another addend; minuend-subtrahend = difference; subtrahend = minuend-difference; minuend = subtrahend + difference; factor x factor = product; one factor = product/another factor; dividends/dividends = quotient; dividends = quotient x dividends.
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