Health Education for NeonatesThe content of health education in newborns included the following aspects:
1. ** In terms of infection prevention **
- For children with upper respiratory tract infection, nurses could use oral education and use their mobile phones to scan the QR code for written education. Demonstrate to the patient and his family members that they should wear masks correctly, wash their hands correctly, and wash their hands immediately when their hands come into contact with respiratory secretions (such as after sneezing). When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with tissues, towels, etc., and avoid touching your eyes and nose with your hands. Maintain good respiratory hygiene habits.
- Send health education videos and popular science articles on how to prevent bronchophonia, flu, and malaria through the WeChat platform for continuing care.
- The medical staff took advantage of the rest time to walk into the community to carry out health education on the prevention of malaria, such as keeping the environment clean and airy, opening the window every day to keep the indoor air circulation, and maintaining the appropriate indoor temperature and humidity; Cultivating good living habits helps to prevent infection. When going out, try not to go to crowded places, wear masks, avoid staying up late, ensure sufficient sleep time, avoid catching cold, prevent cold from worsening the condition or inducing diseases, etc.
2. ** Special care for newborns **
- Neonatal omphaltis care: The newborn's umbilical cord usually falls off 3 - 7 days after birth. If there is exudate in the umbilicus after the umbilical cord falls off, wipe it with a 75% alcohol cotton swab to keep the umbilicus clean and dry to avoid contamination. When the umbilical cord does not fall off, do not use any foreign body such as toilet powder to stimulate it. Pay attention to checking the gauze wrapped around the umbilicus. If the umbilicus is red and swollen, and there is pus secretion and odor in the umbilicus, go to the hospital in time.
- Neonatal oral care: For the yellow-white spots on both sides of the midline of the upper jaw and on the gums of the newborn oral mucus (commonly known as "horse teeth"), there was no need to deal with them. They would disappear after 1 - 2 months. The appearance of white milk clot-like substances (called "thrush") on the oral mucus membrane is caused by the growth of candida whiteness. To maintain oral hygiene, feed water to clean the oral cavity before and after feeding. Pay attention to the cleaning of the teat and milk bottle, boil it for 10 minutes for disinfection, and do not wipe the oral cavity for children. When "thrush" is found, you can apply nystin to the affected area. Don't wipe it off forcefully to prevent scratching the oral mucus membrane.
- Neonate sleep restlessness, crying treatment: The room temperature is too high, the package is wrapped too tightly, the clothes are worn too much or the quilt is too thick, which will cause the newborn's body temperature to rise, or the newborn's body temperature is not warm enough, the body temperature does not rise, and the hands and feet are cold. When the body temperature is high, you can lower the indoor temperature, unwrap the package, and reduce the newborn's quilt or clothes. When the body temperature is low, put the hot water bag or hot water bottle outside the newborn's quilt to keep warm.(Pay attention to prevent scalding children), you can also hold the newborn and directly contact the mother's chest and abdomen to keep warm; Newborn babies will cry when the diapers and bedding are wet after defecation, just change into dry and clean diapers; Newborn babies will cry when they are hungry and will fall asleep quickly after eating; Some newborns will cry and feel uneasy at night due to congenital rickets due to deficiency of vitamins D, and they need to see a doctor; Newborn babies will also cry and feel uneasy when they suffer from diapers rash, acne, skin erosion, etc. When a newborn does not sleep well and cannot find the reason, it may be related to the temperament of the newborn. The mother can often hug the newborn,"talk" with him, and touch his head, body, etc. to give him a sense of security.
- Neonatal icterus related: To educate parents about the causes of newborns 'icterus. For example, physiological icterus is a unique phenomenon in the newborn period. It is due to the excessive production of red blood cells in the fetus' blood in the low oxygen environment in the womb. The red blood cells in the blood are immature and easy to be destroyed. After the fetus is born, it causes excessive production of bile. The immature liver function of the newborn limits the metabolism of bile, causing icterus to appear for a period of time. Physiological icterus is a normal physiological phenomenon. If the newborn does not feel uncomfortable, it generally does not need treatment. Breast-feeding icterus occurs due to breast milk. The breast milk contains gestogen hormone, which suppresses the activity of the newborn's liver's glycuronate transporter, preventing the metabolism and secretion of the serum's bile from occurring in time. As the concentration increases, icterus occurs. Generally speaking, breast-feeding icterus will not affect the health of the child, nor will it cause fever or poor appetite. If the mother stops feeding in time, icterus will weaken in about 2 - 4 days and disappear completely in 6 - 10 days. When stopping breast milk, milk could be used as a temporary substitute, and after the icterus improved, breast milk could continue to be fed. The most common cause of hemolytic icterus was ABO hemolysis, which was caused by the blood type disagreement between the mother and the fetus. The incidence of different blood type combinations and the severity of icterus were different. Light therapy could be used for mild symptoms caused by ABO blood type.
3. **0 - 6 months old newborn care **
- In the first month, the focus was on detoxification. When the father was free, he would take care of the child. The child would eat more Dorado and bask in the sun.
- In the second month, the child might cry because of flatulence and colic. Bao Dad should hold him up more and pat his milk burp, and do some passive exercises to help the child digest.
- In the third month, the baby's optical nerves began to develop. He did not like to sleep and was curious about his surroundings. He had to let the baby lie down more and exercise more to consume his physical strength. Bao Dad also had to accompany the child to play more.
- In the fourth month, the baby began to be disgusted with milk. When the baby mothers were feeding, they could choose a relatively quiet place to feed and appropriately extend the feeding interval to make the baby feel a certain sense of hunger and be willing to drink milk.
- In the fifth month of the teething period, the baby's father had to prepare some chewing gum or teething sticks in advance and change the saliva towel for the child.
- In the sixth month, you can eat some complementary food. The first complementary food is recommended to be rice noodles. For each additional food, observe for two to three days to avoid allergy.
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