300 high school biology knowledge points summaryThe following is a summary of some high school biology knowledge points:
1. The relationship between chemical elements and organisms: organisms contain a variety of chemical elements. These elements have different functions and effects in the body, such as forming compounds and participating in physiological processes.
2. The list of compounds in the cell: There are many kinds of compounds in the cell, such as sugar, fat, protein, and nuclear acid. Each of them has different structures and functions. For example, sugar is the main energy material, fat can store energy, and so on.
3. Nucleic acid was divided into DNA and DNA, and its basic units were respectively, DNA and DNA.
4. Identification of reducing sugar, fat, protein, and DNA in biological tissues: Use specific reagents for identification. For example, Fehling's reagent can identify reducing sugar and produce brick-red precipitations; Sultan III dye solution can identify fat and produce orange color, etc.
5. The characteristic of the membrane was that it was selectively pervious, allowing certain substances to pass through while preventing other substances from passing through.
6. The cell membrane's substance exchange function: The cell membrane can carry out substance exchange through free dispersion, assisted dispersion, active transportation, and other methods.
7. The similarities between mitochondria and plastids were that they both had a double-layered membrane structure, were related to energy conversion, and contained a small amount of DNA.
8. The comparison of eukaryote organelle: Different organelle had differences in structure and function. For example, the ER was the synthesis, processing, and transportation channel of protein and other molecular substances; the Golgi apparatus mainly processed, classified, and packaged the protein from the ER.
9. During mitosis, the changes of nuclear DNA, the nuclei of the nuclei, and the nuclei of the nuclei were as follows: during the interphase, DNA replication and the synthesis of related protein were carried out, and the DNA content was doubled; during the prophase of mitosis, the nuclei of the nuclei appeared, and at the anaphase, the nuclei of the nuclei split, and the sister Chromatids separated.
10. The source of ATP-in the body: It is mainly produced by cell breathing (both oxygen and oxygen free breathing) and photosynthesis.
11. [The destination of the ATP-binding in the body: It is used for various life activities of cells, such as muscle contraction and material synthesis.]
12. The comparison between light reaction and dark reaction in photosynthesis: the light reaction occurs on the thylakoid membrane of the plastids, producing oxygen, bound bound
13. The relationship between light energy utilization rate and photosynthesis efficiency: Light energy utilization rate refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter accumulated by the plant's photosynthesis to the sunlight energy that shines on the ground; photosynthesis efficiency refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter produced by green plants through photosynthesis to the light energy absorbed during photosynthesis.
14. The relationship between the external factors that affect photosynthesis and the improvement of light energy utilization: The external factors include light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., and appropriately increasing the value of these factors can improve the light energy utilization.
15. The metabolism of the three major nutrients in humans and animals: sugar, fat, and protein can be synthesized and decomposed in the body, and they can be converted to each other.
16. The comparison between the two types of breathing: Aerobic breathing produces a large amount of energy and requires oxygen to participate. The reaction site is mainly the mitochondria. The anoxia-less breathing produces a small amount of energy and does not require oxygen. The reaction site is the cellular matrix.
In addition, there were also knowledge points about cell structure and function, gene expression, genetic laws, biological evolution, ecological systems, etc., such as cell membrane system, gene translation and translation process, Mendel's law of inheritance, modern biological evolution theory, etc.(Genetic frequency changes, isolation and speciation, etc.), the components of the ecosystem (producers, consumers, disposers, non-biological substances and energy), energy flow (one-way flow, step-by-step reduction), material circulation, and many other topics. These knowledge points were all important parts of high school biology learning, but due to space constraints, it was difficult to list all 300.
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