One main theme is the exploration of human nature. Gulliver encounters different societies which highlight various aspects of human behavior like pride, greed, and folly. For example, in the land of Lilliput, the tiny people are full of petty politics and rivalries despite their small stature.
Gulliver himself is very interesting. He is the protagonist who goes through all these amazing adventures and his character develops throughout the story. At first, he is just an ordinary man curious about the world, but as he faces different situations in the strange lands, he becomes more introspective.
Gulliver is the most important character as he is the protagonist who experiences all the events in Lilliput. The Emperor of Lilliput is also important as he has a lot of power and influence over what happens to Gulliver. Flimnap, one of the court officials, is another significant character as he is often involved in the political intrigues and is against Gulliver at times.
In the story, Gulliver is shipwrecked and wakes up in Lilliput. He is tied down by the tiny Lilliputians at first. Then he becomes a sort of novelty and is used in various ways by the Lilliputian court. There are also political intrigues involving different factions in Lilliput. Eventually, Gulliver has to leave Lilliput due to some misunderstandings and threats to his life.
One of the main themes is human nature. Gulliver encounters various societies which expose different aspects of human behavior like greed, vanity and folly. For example, in Lilliput, the small size of the people doesn't stop them from having petty political squabbles.
Gulliver himself is the most important character as he is the narrator and the one who has all the adventures. He is an everyman figure who represents the average person experiencing these strange worlds.
One of the main themes is human nature. Gulliver encounters different societies which expose various aspects of how humans behave, like the pride and vanity in the Lilliputians. Another theme is the critique of society. Swift uses the different lands Gulliver visits to comment on the politics, social hierarchies and follies of his own society. For example, the absurd laws in some of the places he visits.
One of the main themes is satire. It satirizes human nature, society, and politics. For example, in the different lands Gulliver visits, the absurd behaviors and systems he encounters are often a reflection of the problems in the real world. Another theme is exploration. Gulliver's adventures in strange lands show his exploration of the unknown, both geographically and culturally.
There's Gulliver, of course. He is the one through whose eyes we see all these strange lands and cultures. In Lilliput, Flimnap, the treasurer, is an important character. His jealousy towards Gulliver and his role in the Lilliputian court politics add a lot of drama. Among the Brobdingnagians, Glumdalclitch, the young girl who takes care of Gulliver, is important. She has a kind heart and her relationship with Gulliver is quite endearing.