23 initial syllables, overall pronunciationThe overall pronunciation of the 23 initial syllables was: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, and w.
How to mark the syllables of a novel1. First, it was clear that the Pinyin of Chinese characters consisted of the combination of the initial and the final to form a syllable, and the tone was marked on the final. The finals are divided into single finals (a, o, e, i, u, ü, etc.), compound finals, nasal finals, etc. There are a total of 39 finals in Chinese Putonghua.
2. For the tone of a single syllable:
- If a single syllable formed its own syllable, the corresponding tone was directly marked on the single syllable. For example,"ā"(Yin Ping, first tone),""(Yang Ping, second tone),""(upper tone, third tone),""(lower tone, fourth tone).
3. As for the tone of the compound syllable:
- Generally, they followed the principle of "a, o, e, i, u, ü, the order of the tone depends on the tone, and which tone is marked where." For example, in the compound finals of "ao, ia, ua, ü a", the pronunciation of a is stronger than the other sounds, and the tone is on the head of a. In the group of "ei, ie, ü e", the pronunciation of e is stronger than the other sounds, and the tone is on the head of e. In "ou, uo", the pronunciation of o is stronger than u, and the tone is on the head of o.
- The special case was when i and u were combined side by side, iu and ui were marked at the beginning of the letter.
4. When there are multiple finals:
- If there were two syllables, and the first syllable was i, u, or ü, the tone would be marked above the second syllable, and the other lower tones would be marked above the first syllable.
5. Regarding the soft voice:
- In Chinese, there was a special case of light tone. Although light tone could distinguish meanings, it was usually not listed as one of the "four tones" of Chinese. In Hanyu Pinyin, light tone was not marked. However, some special affixations were usually read softly, such as "zhe, le, guo"(dynamic auxiliary words and some auxiliary words),"de, di, de"(structural auxiliary words),"ge"(as a syllable or under specific usage),"yao"(as a syllable or as a syllable in lyrics),"zi, tou, er, men"(as a syllable,"er" has special circumstances). There were also some verb-complement structures with three syllable syllables such as "x de x" and "x bu x", which marked the light tone.
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Less words, more syllables"Shao" had two pronunciations, which were shāo and shāo.
When reading, you can form words such as how much, a small amount, a little, lack, reduce, etc.
When reading shao, you can form words: teenager, girl, young strong, young Fu, young Bao, major, major general, etc.