Since we have no additional details, the fortunate man could be a wide range of people. He might be an adventurer who has had amazing experiences and is now recounting them. He could be a lottery winner talking about how his life has changed. Or he could be a person who has overcome great personal challenges and now considers himself fortunate, and is telling his story to inspire others.
Aladdin is a well - known character from Arabian Nights. In some versions, he could be the one telling his own story. He is famous for finding the magic lamp and having a genie grant his wishes.
Well, Aladdin is typically presented as a hero in the story. He has all these amazing adventures, like going into the cave and getting the magic lamp. Regarding whether he is the man telling the story, it's not a common view in the original story. But in a creative adaptation, say a play where he's looking back on his life, he could be the one narrating. For example, he could be sitting around a campfire with friends and telling them about how he met the genie and how his life changed from that moment on.
Since it's a short story called 'the 10th man', there are likely at least ten characters. There are the nine men who form a group, and then there is the tenth man who is distinct in some way from the others. But without more details about the story, it's hard to say more about their individual personalities or roles.
There are the four wise men, of course. Each of them has their own characteristics. And there might be other characters that they meet during their journeys, like the people in the villages they pass through or the ones who offer them shelter or advice along the way.
The most obvious main character is the 7th man. But in a story, there are often other characters who interact with the main one. In this case, there could be comrades if he was in a group situation, or perhaps an antagonist who causes problems for him. There might also be a love interest, which could add an emotional layer to the story. Without reading the story in detail, it's hard to name all the main characters precisely, but the 7th man is surely at the center of it.