Well, the elements include an atmosphere of dread. This can be created through things like fog, dim lighting, or an eerie silence. Unusual or unexplained events are another part. Maybe objects moving on their own or strange markings appearing. And a vulnerable protagonist, someone the reader can identify with and worry about as they face the unknown terrors.
In a good scary story according to those 5 things, there is the need for a spooky location. Picture an old asylum with flickering lights. Then there has to be a terrifying adversary. It could be a werewolf or a shape - shifter. Mystery is another important aspect. The story should keep you guessing. Tension should be built up well. You should be able to feel it rising as you read. And a sense of horror that grips you. It makes you shiver and look over your shoulder while reading.
Suspense is key. For example, in a story where a character is being followed, not revealing who or what is following right away keeps the reader or listener on edge. Another element is the unknown. If there are strange noises or events that have no immediate explanation, it scares people. Like in a haunted house story, when doors close by themselves or cold spots appear without reason.
The setting is crucial. A dark, isolated place like an old forest or an abandoned building can create an immediate sense of unease. Also, the use of senses such as hearing a strange sound or feeling a cold touch can make it more terrifying. And a sense of the unknown, not fully explaining what the scary thing is, leaves room for the reader's imagination to run wild.
A sense of the unknown. Consider 'Fog. Whispers. Unseen danger.' The fog obscures vision, and the whispers suggest something that is not clearly defined. The unseen danger creates a feeling of unease because our imagination can run wild thinking about what that danger might be.
For a good introduction to a scary story, it can be effective to start with a sudden and unexpected event. Say, 'The phone rang in the empty house, and when she picked it up, all she heard was a deep, raspy breathing on the other end.' You can also set the mood with the weather. 'The storm outside was raging, thunder and lightning crashing as she found herself all alone in the big, dark mansion. It was the perfect start to a terrifying night.'
Another important element is the presence of a menacing character. This could be a ghostly figure in a white gown, its eyes glowing in the dark, sending shivers down the spines of the characters in the story. Also, unexpected events like sudden noises or objects moving on their own are typical elements that make a story scary.
In a small village, there was a legend of a witch. A good scary story could be based on this. The witch was said to steal children who wandered too close to the old, abandoned well. One day, a little boy got curious and went near the well. He heard a cackle and saw a shadowy figure rising from the well. The boy ran home, but he felt like the witch was following him. For days, he had nightmares, and the village was filled with an air of fear.
One good scary story is 'The Tell - Tale Heart' by Edgar Allan Poe. In this story, the narrator is haunted by an old man's 'vulture - like' eye. He becomes so obsessed that he decides to kill the old man. After hiding the body under the floorboards, he starts to hear the old man's heart still beating, which drives him to insanity. It's a classic that plays on the themes of guilt and paranoia.