Well, it could have multiple meanings. Maybe it's a moment of discovery for the kid in the story. Looking at the sun might be a way to show that the kid is unafraid and has a sense of wonder. It could also be a foreshadowing of some kind of transformation or new understanding that the character will experience later in the book.
Yes, there is often a theme of wonder. The sun is a powerful and awe - inspiring object. A kid looking at it in a fiction book can signify the character's sense of wonder about the world, whether it's the natural world or the possibilities that lie ahead in the story. It can also imply a certain naivete and openness to new experiences that is characteristic of children in many fictional works.
Sure! One such book could be 'The Adventures of Little Einstein'. In it, the main character is a kid with a passion for science and makes significant discoveries.