slope engineeringSlope engineering was an engineering field that involved many aspects. There was a book titled "Slope Engineering" published by different publishing houses. The content of the book would focus on problems such as slopes, landslides, dangerous rocks, collapses, mudflows, and bank collapses. In combination with relevant national standards and specifications, it would elaborate on the investigation, testing, analysis, evaluation, treatment, and monitoring of slope engineering. It will introduce in detail various slope engineering analysis and evaluation methods and slope engineering treatment measures. It will also give several main application programs for slope engineering analysis and evaluation.
There are some problems in the classification rules of the safety level of slope engineering, such as unclear safety level, difficulty in classification, and intermittent changes. Although it is generally determined according to the relevant tables, the actual safety level is basically determined by the severity of the damage consequences (Level 1 when the damage consequences are very serious, Level 2 when it is serious, and Level 3 when it is not serious). There are contradictions between the current classification rules and the content of the table, and there is no corresponding relationship between the slope type and the severity of the engineering damage consequences, which will cause difficulties in the classification of the severity of the damage consequences and the safety level. There were relevant analysis and suggestions for these problems, such as adjusting the form of the safety level division table.
From the perspective of the Slope Engineering Technology Conference, the 16th Slope Engineering Technology Conference was held in Beijing on October 21st. The conference was themed with "Safety and Protection of Engineering Slopes under Extreme Conditions", covering the development status and future of modern slope engineering technology, survey and evaluation technology, prevention and control technology, safety intelligent monitoring and early warning technology, ecological restoration theory and technology, new construction methods, new technologies, new equipment, digital and intelligent technology, etc. This reflected the trend of slope engineering towards green, safe, digital and other high-quality development.
In terms of slope protection construction, the first step was to survey and set out, then set up a falsework, and then use a cannon machine to drill holes in the side slope (the position of the holes was required to be high, and the error of the hole distance was not more than 5 cm). After the acceptance was passed, an anchor rod made of several processed steel bars was placed, and then the cement mortar was poured into it. After the mortar solidified, the steel bar frame was built, and finally, the slope was afforested (using a grass spraying machine to scatter grass seeds). Through these layers of construction reinforcement, the firmness of the slope was guaranteed.
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Judgment of Windward Slope and Leeward Slope of Sand DunesThe windward slope of the sand dune was gentle, while the leeward slope was steep. The windward slope of a sand dune referred to the side of the sand dune facing the wind, which had a gentle slope, while the leeward slope referred to the side of the sand dune facing away from the wind, which had a steep slope. This form was formed by the wind and the accumulation of sand. According to [2] and [4] in the search results, the windward slope of a sand dune is a gentle slope, and the leeward slope is a steep slope. Therefore, the judgment of the windward slope and the leeward slope of the sand dune could be carried out according to the slope.
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Rainfall on the windward slopeOn the windward slope, the wind carrying water vapor (cold and humid) was forced to rise when it encountered the obstruction of the mountains. As the altitude increased, the temperature gradually decreased, and the condensation of water vapor produced rainfall, so there was more rainfall on the windward slope. Moreover, there was a difference in rainfall at different altitudes on the windward slope. Generally, the central part of the mountain had the most rainfall, while the foothills and the top of the mountain had relatively less rainfall.
On the leeward slope, after the wind passed the top of the mountain (water vapor decreased, cold and dry), it began to sink. As the altitude decreased, the temperature gradually increased, and the air flow was warmer and dry (warm and dry). It was difficult to form clouds to cause rain, so there was less rainfall on the leeward slope.
The difference in rainfall between the windward slope and the leeward slope would further lead to different natural and human environments. For example, the windward slope had a lower snowline, a higher altitude in the natural belt, a smaller daily and annual temperature range, and better natural conditions. The population and towns were more densely distributed, and the economy was relatively developed. The leeward slope had a higher snowline, a lower altitude in the natural belt, less vegetation, animal and plant resources, less light and heat, and a sparse distribution of population and towns.
Three Forms of SlopeThe slopes can be divided into natural slopes and artificially excavated slopes according to their causes of formation; soil slopes and rock slopes according to the nature of stratum rock (soil); layered slopes, block-shaped slopes and net-shaped slopes according to the structure of rock stratum.
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Slope Topographic MapThe topographic map of the slope was a map that reflected the terrain of the slope. In the topographic map of the side slope, according to the relevant national drawing standards, the leading end of the long and short lines of the side slope and the cone slope was the high end. Observing the long and short thin solid lines of the slope in the figure, the length of the ends is aligned with the leading end (i.e. the high end and the high end), and the other direction is the low end, which is the direction in which the slope slopes downward. At the same time, based on the baseline position in the road (highway) plan, it could be determined whether it was an excavation slope (cutting) or a fill slope (embankment). For example, if the length of the thin solid line at the end of a certain point is aligned and leads to the point, it means that the point is low and the direction of the lead is high. This side is the cutting slope; otherwise, it is the filling slope. In addition, the height of the terrain could also be judged according to the absolute elevation value marked on the ground. The terrain with a large value was high, and the terrain with a small value was low. This information would help engineers understand the height trend of the slope terrain, the type of slope, and so on. It was of great significance in slope construction, protection construction, monitoring, and so on.
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Despair Slope EncyclopediaThere were many places on the Despair Slope. There was a mountain road called Despair Slope in Luxi County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province. It was located between Jinding Scenic Area and Fayunjie Scenic Area. It was named after its steep slope and long slope. Heavy hikers often passed by. Suzhou also had Despair Slope. There were two hiking routes. One started from Suzhou Paradise Forest Water World, turned left after exiting the parking lot, and saw the entrance. They followed the big and broken stone road and reached the top in about 50 minutes. The other started from Changpu Tea House, and the mountain road was steeper and shorter. There was also a Desperate Slope on the road between the main campus and the eastern campus of the University of Science and Technology. The slope was divided into two sections, each of which was hundreds of meters long and very steep. In addition, Yunnan had the Despair Slope and the Super Despair Slope, which were the places where the off-road teams of Yunnan Master Gao challenged.
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