I think 'caricatura del tiempo' might refer to a caricature or illustration related to time. Maybe it's a creative way to represent the concept of time in a humorous or exaggerated way.
Since I haven't read 'The Return' by Edith Tiempo, it's hard to say exactly. However, many works of literature deal with common themes such as love, identity, and the passage of time. It's possible that this story also explores these or related themes. For example, if the story is about a character returning to a place, themes of memory and change might be present. Or if there are relationships between characters, themes of loyalty and betrayal could be involved.
In a cultural context, if 'el vate bases on el dasa story', it could mean the preservation of certain cultural values. 'El dasa story' might be a traditional story that contains important cultural elements. 'El vate' then becomes a way to carry on these elements. For example, if 'el dasa story' is about family loyalty, 'el vate' could promote the same value in a different form.
A scary El Salvador story is that of the Xtabay. It's said to be a female spirit that lives in the jungle. She sings a beautiful but hypnotic song that draws men to her. Once they are close, she either kills them or drives them insane. This story was often told to keep people, especially men, from wandering too far into the dangerous and uncharted parts of the jungle, as the unknown held such terrifying entities.