Share some interlock horror stories.There was an interlock horror story at an abandoned factory. The interlock on the machinery there seemed to have a mind of its own. Workers who went in to check on it during the night would find themselves locked inside. The machines would start up on their own, and the interlock prevented them from escaping. They were surrounded by the deafening noise and the fear of being crushed.
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2024-11-19 04:48
AC Contactor Interlock Control Positive and Negative Rotation OperationThe following are the practical steps of the AC contactors 'interlocked control:
** I. Preparing Work **
1. Required electrical components:
- Two AC contactors (KM1 and KM2). Choose the appropriate specifications according to the motor power.
- Heat relay (KH), used for overload protection.
- Circuit Breaker (QF), controls the switching of the circuit and provides short-circuit protection.
- Start button (Forward Rotation SSB2, Reverse Rotation SSB3) and Stop button (SSB1).
- Fuse (FO), for short-circuit protection.
2. Checking the electrical components:
- Make sure that the contacts of the AC contactors are flexible and free from stagnation.
- The setting value of the thermal relay was adjusted according to the rated current of the motor.
- The normally open and normally closed contacts of the button were normal.
** 2. Circuit Connection (Main Circuit)**
1. Power connection:
- The circuit breaker QF is connected from the three-phase power supply (L1, L2, L3).
- When KM1 is working (forward rotation), the main circuit is connected in the order of L1 - L2 - L3, that is, the power supply supplies power to the motor M through QF, KM1 main contact and thermal relay KH, and the motor runs in the forward direction.
- When the KM2 was working (reversing), the connection sequence became L1 - L3 - L2, and the order of L2 and L3 was exchanged through the KM2 to realize the motor reversal.
2. Connection to the motor:
- The three-phase winding of the motor was connected to the output end of the thermal relay KH.
** 3. Circuit Connection (Control Circuit Part-Electric Interlock)**
1. First, connect to the public part:
- Connecting a neutral wire to the thermal relay's normally closed terminal 95, then connecting a wire from the terminal 96 to the forward (km1) AC Contactor's terminal A2, and then connecting a wire from this terminal to the reverse (km2) AC Contactor's terminal A2.
- From the live wire end, connect a wire to the fuse, and then connect a wire from the fuse to the stop button terminal 11 (normally closed for the STB3).
2. Forward Rotation Control Circuit Connection:
- When the start button for forward rotation is pressed, the current passes through the thermal relay auxiliary contact KH1 - 2, 3, 4, 5 - 6, and reaches the KM1 coil to complete the start. KM1 pulled in, and at the same time, KM1 - 1 auxiliary contact closed to replace the pressing action of the SSB2 button, completing the self-locking. Moreover, the normally closed auxiliary contact of KM2 should be connected in series with the coil circuit of KM1. In this way, when KM2 is working (reversing), its normally closed contact will be disconnected to prevent KM1 from being accidentally energized.
3. Reverse Control Circuit Connection:
- When the reverse start button SSB3 is pressed, the current passes through 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and 10 to the KM2 coil to complete the reverse start. At the same time, the KM2 - 1 normally open contact is closed to achieve self-locking. At the same time, the normally closed auxiliary contact of KM1 is connected in series with the coil circuit of KM2. When KM1 is working (when it is rotating forward), its normally closed contact is disconnected to prevent KM2 from being powered up by mistake.
** 4. Inspection and Testing **
1. Line inspection:
- Check whether all the connecting wires are firm, loose or short-circuit.
- Confirm that the electrical interlocked connection is correct, that is, the normally closed auxiliary contact of KM1 is connected in series in the coil circuit of KM2, and the normally closed auxiliary contact of KM2 is connected in series in the coil circuit of KM1.
2. No-load test:
- Close the circuit breaker QF, press the forward start button SSB2, and observe whether the AC Contactor KM1 is pulled in and whether the motor is rotating forward.
- Press the stop button, and the motor should stop rotating.
- Press the reverse start button SSB3 and observe whether the AC Contactor KM2 is pulled in and whether the motor is reversed.
3. Load-testing (after ensuring that the no-load test is normal):
- Connecting the motor load, repeating forward, reverse and stop operations, checking the operation of the motor under load, and paying attention to whether the thermal relay is working normally to prevent the motor from overloading.
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Positive and Reverse Double Interlock Circuit Diagram and Connection DiagramThe double-interlocked positive and negative rotation control circuit includes a double-interlocked contactors and buttons. The following are its main components and functions:
1. Air switch (QL): used to switch on and off the power supply. It has short-circuit, serious overload and undervoltage protection functions.
2. Fuse (FO): for short-circuit protection.
3. Contactor (KO): Able to frequently switch on and off large currents. Has arc extinguishing function and also has undervoltage protection function.
4. Thermo relay (FT): Overload protection.
5. Push button (SS): Control the start and stop of the circuit.
The working principle was as follows:
1. Forward rotation control: press down the SSB2, the SSB2 normally closed contact will first break the KM2 interlocked (cut off the reverse rotation control circuit), the KM1 coil will be energized, the KM1 self-locking contact will close and self-lock, the KM1 main contact will close, the KM1 interlocked contact will break the KM2 interlocked (cut off the reverse rotation control circuit), and the motor will start to rotate continuously forward.
2. Reverse rotation control: press down on SSB3. SSB3 normally closed contacts will be cut off first. KM1 coil will lose power, KM2 coil will be energized, KM2 self-locking contacts will be closed and self-locking contacts will be closed. KM2 main contacts will be closed, and the KM2 interlocked contacts will be cut off and interlocked with KM1 (cutting off the forward rotation control circuit). The motor will start to rotate continuously.
3. Stop: No matter in the forward or reverse working state, as long as you press the button, the entire control circuit will lose power, the contactors will reset, and the motor will stop running.
In terms of connection:
1. First, label the blueprint, and then connect the actual object according to the blueprint. In the case of unfamiliarity, it was best to connect the secondary line one circuit at a time.
2. The circuit could be checked by the buzzing bar of the Multimeter, which was also a resistance bar that could measure the resistance of the coil of the contact.
It should be noted that in order to ensure safety and normal operation, the graphic symbols and text symbols of each component must be accurately understood during operation and connection, and their structure and functions must be mastered. At the same time, it was necessary to accurately grasp the concepts of electrical self-locking (relying on the normally open electric shock of the contactors to keep its coil energized), electrical interlocked (only one of the two contactors was allowed to be energized at the same time), and mechanical interlocked (only one of the two contactors was allowed to work through a pair of normally open and normally closed buttons).
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