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Author: Ten LuminariesShi Yao's novels included " Earth's First Overlord "," Everyone Becomes a God from the Overlord "," Earth's First Player "," One Shot Deadly ", etc. More exciting novels could be read online on Qidian Chinese Network.
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The Seven Luminaries and the Demon" The Complete Biography of the Seven Luminaries Suppressing Demons ", the full name of which was " The Complete Biography of the Seven Luminaries Suppressing Demons ". It was a long demon novel of the Ming Dynasty, with a total of six volumes and seventy-two chapters. It was compiled by Taoist priest Ji Qingyin of Wuxing Hui, referred to by Taoist priest Ji Qingyin of Yinghai in Hongdu, and revised by Taoist priest Shen Huiji of Shuanglong Yanping in Pengcheng. He was the grandson of Shen Shizhou of Wuxing. The book was written at the end of Ming Dynasty.
The main content of the novel revolved around the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty choosing his concubines, which caused the people to panic. On the day of the wedding, the Imperial Astronomical Supervisor reported that the Big Dipper was shining on Yan, Zhao, and Qilu. In five months, demons would descend and cause chaos and thieves to run amok. Xu Prefecture Zhizhou Wang Xinyuan received a dream from Guan Di and knew that there was a demon star invading the world. Hu Heling of Yizhou was the first poor wolf star of the Big Dipper. He saw Venus shining over Xuzhou and Yanzhou and had a premonition that there were demons and devils. After seeing Xu Hongru, he suspected that he was a person who caused trouble. Xu Hongru was the reincarnation of the Yellow River water monster. He and his brother Ma Qing met Hu Heling when they went to Yanzhou to visit prostitutes. Some fortune-tellers said that he had the face of the emperor, so he promised to let the prostitute Mie Chao 'er be the queen and escape together. When they passed through the high mountains of Teng County, they were asked to stay by the White Lotus Society's leader Shen Hui, the second leader Gao Mi, and the third leader Hong Liu. Xu Hongru was appointed as the King of Xinglong, the leader of the Eastern Eight Heavens 'Song Dynasty. Shen, Gao, and Hong were the left and right military strategists, and Ma Qing and the others were the dukes of the four countries. Everyone agreed to start a rebellion on the seventh day of the fifth month. Later, the story revolved around the wars and struggles of various forces, such as Xu Hongru returning home to kill his wife and mother and then returning to Gaoshan to seize Teng County, Shandong Governor Zhao Yan leading troops to save Yanzhou, Xu Hongru's many battles in Yanzhou, Yuncheng supervisor Zhang Shen's rebellion, and other characters such as Pei Yue 'er's daughter's performance in these wars.
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Jilan ceramicBlue porcelain was lime soda glazed porcelain with tungsten dioxide as the coloring agent. Its glaze color was also known as "blue","sacrificial blue", etc.
The earliest application of this kind of ceramic coloring agent can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. The appearance of blue Jun glaze in the Song Dynasty laid a certain foundation for the development of blue porcelain. Jingdezhen kiln in the Yuan Dynasty started to create blue porcelain. At that time, due to the use of high-temperature tungsten ore from the Muslim countries, blue porcelain was successfully fired. However, the production of blue porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was small. Except for museum collections, there was little folk circulation. The successful firing of the Yuan Dynasty sacrificial blue glazed porcelain laid a good foundation for the development of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
During the Ming Dynasty, the firing technology of the blue porcelain was constantly developing. The Xuande dynasty's blue porcelain craftsmanship and glaze color were obviously improved. The hair color was deep and bright, and there were rust spots in the glaze. It was the pinnacle of blue glaze firing at that time. During the Chenghua, Hongzhi, and Zhengde periods, there were not many blue glazed porcelains handed down from generation to generation. Blue glazed porcelain was more popular in Jiajing and Wanli periods, and there were new developments in the types of shapes and glaze colors. After the Wanli period, blue glazed porcelain was basically extinct.
In the Qing Dynasty, during the Kangxi period, the blue glaze became popular again. The sacrificial blue and blue flowers used materials with a high content of Cobalt. The color was strong, and the glaze was thin and smooth. During the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, the use of tungsten changed, and the iron content increased. The color of the blue glaze during the Yongzheng period was not as elegant as that of the Kangxi period, but the color was dark blue and the glaze color was gorgeous. In the Qianlong period, in addition to the traditional blue glaze porcelain, there were many complicated techniques derived from the single color. For example, the blue glaze was first fired at high temperature, and then the gold pattern was painted on the glaze, and then it was baked at low temperature. However, this technique was complicated and difficult to preserve. In the Qing Dynasty, the blue glaze porcelain was mainly made of palace sacrificial vessels and furnishings. The official kiln's blue glaze was mostly made of official style and exquisite workmanship. The civilian kiln was mostly made of temple sacrificial vessels. There was no official style and most of the products produced in Jingdezhen were dated.
Blue porcelain was mainly glazed on sacrificial vessels, luxurious furnishings and sacrificial porcelain. Its color characteristics were similar to bright red glaze. The glaze surface did not flow or crack, the color tone was uniform, and the color was stable. Under the high temperature, the glaze layer melted and flowed down, causing the mouth of the object to become thinner along the glaze layer, revealing the white fetus bone, commonly known as the " lamp grass mouth ". The glaze layer at the bottom flowed down and piled up, showing a blue-purple brown color.
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Nine Luminaries Star ChartIn the traditional China astronomical astrology system, the nine stars include the sun.(The sun, the moon)(namely the lunar star, arranged in the Xuhai direction), the fire star (namely Mars, arranged in the south), the water star (namely Mercury, arranged in the north), the wood star (namely Jupiter, arranged in the east), the gold star (namely Venus, arranged in the west), the earth star (namely Saturn, arranged in the middle), the Luo Hou star (namely the yellow banner star, the eclipse god, arranged in the northeast when the sun and moon are eclipsed), and the Ji Du star (namely the comet, the leopard tail star, arranged in the southwest).
Seven Stars and Nine LuminariesSeven Stars and Nine Luminaries had many meanings:
1. In the language of Taoism, the nine stars included the sun, moon, fire, water, Jupiter, Venus, Earth, Rahu, Yellow Banner, and Jidu.
2. The seven stars were the seven stars of Greed, Giant Gate, Wenqu, Lianzhen, Wuqu, and Junpo. Together with the two stars of Zuo Fu and You Bi, they were the nine stars. They were the names of the wandering stars in Feng Shui and were related to vitality, heavenly medicine, longevity, life termination, five ghosts, disaster, six evils, and ambush.
3. The Big Dipper plus the Left Assistant, the Right Assistant, and the Right Assistant, the Hidden Element, were the Big Dipper's nine stars. There were also seven stars and nine stars. The Big Dipper was made up of the seven stars of Tianshu, Tianxuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang, and Yaoguang.
ceramic gilding techniqueThe ceramic gilding technique was a process of metalizing the surface of ceramic products with gold. One way was to apply gold glaze (an overglaze glaze made of gold powder, lead siliconate, essential oil, and other materials) on the surface of the ceramic. The gold glaze would appear dark brown in its natural state. After baking it at a low temperature, it would be polished with beeswax or agate.
There was another process: Porcelains are made by plain firing or with only a layer of diluted glaze. After cleaning, the surface is coated with silver.(A thin layer of silver paste is evenly coated on the surface of the porcelain, and after drying at a temperature of 200 - 300 ° C, the process is repeated for 1 - 2 times. After the silver paste is coated for the last time, it can be directly fired. After the firing temperature reaches 500 - 800 ° C, and the preferred temperature is 600 - 700 ° C, the temperature is kept for 15 minutes- 3 hours, and the preferred temperature is half an hour- 1 hour. After that, it is cooled to normal temperature. The silver paste is then fired and reduced.) forming a silver layer on the surface of the porcelain), then nickel-plating, then copper-plating or titanium-plating, and then gold-plating to obtain the gold-plated product. This method increased the thickness of the base layer by using cheap metal. On the one hand, it could save the amount of gold used, and on the other hand, it could greatly improve the quality of the product, especially for the production of more complicated parts.
The ancient gilding process was also known as fire gilding. It was to synthesize gold and mercury into gold mercury. The coating was heated to more than 400 ° C to evaporate the mercury. The gold was attached to the surface of the ware, and then a "press" made of agate or jade was used to press along the surface of the ware to make it shine.
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Jingdezhen ceramic instituteAccording to the reference materials, there was a report on the absenteeism of some classes in the 12 animation major of Jingdezhen ceramic institute. There was one person in Class 5 who skipped more than 12 hours of class, four people in Class 6 who skipped more than 12 hours of class, and a total of five people in the 12 animation major skipped more than 12 hours of class. If you want to ask about other aspects of the 12 animation major, such as professional courses, enrollment, etc., there is some relevant information in the reference materials. For example, the animation major began to recruit undergraduate students in 2005 and graduate students in 2010. It was a national first-class undergraduate professional construction site. There were currently 6 teachers with senior titles, one of whom was a member of the Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education's animation and digital media arts major. The main courses included animation character design, animation scene design, and other courses. The aim was to cultivate innovative and applied high-level professionals with good humanities and artistic cultivation who were engaged in animation-related work. The animation major in Grade 2021 was planned to enroll 63 students, with a four-year schooling system and tuition fees of 9600 yuan per year. In terms of graduate student enrollment, the number of full-time students in the 130500 design (academic degree)-05 animation design and theoretical research major of Grade 2022 was 46 (excluding exemption), the number of full-time students in the 135108 art design (professional degree)-05 animation major was 107, and the number of part-time students was 18 (excluding exemption).
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