Ancient Funeral Material

Answer 1

Here are some ancient funerals that can be used in novels:

** 1. Spirit-stopping related **
1. ** Duration of Spirit Freeze **
- There were many reasons for this. On the one hand, it was because people missed the deceased and hoped that the deceased could be resurrected. On the other hand, ancient medicine was not developed, and there was a situation where the phenomenon of suspended animation could not be discovered in time. It could be prevented from being buried after a period of time. The funerals of emperors and dukes would take longer because they were complicated and consumed manpower and material resources. In ancient times, there was also a 49-day pause after death. Sacrifices were held every seven days (seven). After that, there was also a filial son sacrifice. A hundred days after the death of the deceased, they would go to the grave to offer sacrifices.
2. ** The preparation during the spirit rest period **
- During this period, preparations had to be made for the subsequent funerals, just like the funerals of ancient emperors and dukes. There was a lot of preparation work, involving the allocation of many manpower and material resources.

** 2. Encasement **
1. ** Small coffin **
- The small funeral was usually carried out the next day, mainly to dress the deceased. In ancient times, there were many steps in small burial. For example, one had to first display small burial clothes, display small burial offerings, and then carry out small burial (changing clothes for the deceased and wrapping quilts). During this process, the deceased's face was not covered, so that the living could express their reluctance. After that, there were Feng corpse (people with different relationships had different ways of treating the corpse of the deceased, such as the monarch caressing it for the minister, the parents holding it for the son, the son holding it for the parents, the wife holding it for the aunt and aunt, etc.), changing hemp (tying hemp rope on the head and waist), and then setting up a small funeral ceremony, sending off guests, etc.
2. ** Coffin **
- The funeral was held on the third day. It was a ceremony to place the deceased into the coffin. Coffins were usually made of pine and cypress (pine and cypress were a symbol of longevity in the eyes of the ancients). It was taboo to use willow wood (because willow trees did not bear seeds, the ancients believed that it would lead to no descendants). The funeral was the last time the family saw the deceased. The family would often cry loudly and then cover the coffin. The nails used to nail the coffin were called "town nails" or "descendants nails." Legend had it that this would allow future generations to prosper.

** III. Funeral Concepts and the relevant customs **
1. ** A custom under the concept of life and death **
- This concept originated from Xunzi's Theory of Rites."Funeral is used to decorate the dead with the living. It is used to imitate the living and send the dead away. It is used to serve the dead as if they were alive and to serve the dead as if they were alive." Under the influence of this concept, there were customs such as sweeping graves, going on walks, burning paper, wearing mourning clothes after the death of relatives, summoning and sending souls to the dead, and burning paper money and paper horses every seven days. This concept began to develop in the primitive society during the clan culture period. In the primitive society, people wrapped corpses with leaves and bark and dyed them. They were buried in the soil along with the commonly used utensils during their lifetime. As the manufacturing ability improved, they developed into coffins and various funerary objects.
2. ** Filial Piety System **
- According to the distance between the deceased and the relatives, the relatives were divided into five levels: beheading, mourning, great merit, small merit, and hemp. People of different ranks had different mourning periods. During mourning, there were many taboos, such as not eating meat, sleeping together, being guests, and feasting. During the mourning period, officials had to resign and return to their hometown (mourning). However, for some high-ranking officials, the emperor would order that they were not allowed to mourn (mourning).
3. ** Buried with the dead **
- Since the Shang Dynasty, the system of human sacrifice had been popular. The slaves or beloved concubines of the tomb owner would be buried with the tomb, and the number of people varied from a few to hundreds. With the development of society, human figurines gradually replaced living people to be buried with them. However, the ruling class still had the privilege of burying palace people with them. For example, in the Han Dynasty, there were cases of emperors burying palace people with them. There were even cases of leaving their mothers and children behind, and empresses and concubines with them after the emperor died. This custom reached its peak in the Yuan Dynasty until Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the abolition of the human burial system before his death.
4. ** Burial Items **
- Funeral items were originally used to comfort the deceased, burying them together with the objects they used or liked when they were alive. With the development of the concept of life and death, the types and quantity of funerary objects continued to increase. For example, there was mercury in the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, which was used to infuse rivers and seas. It had astronomy on it and geography on it. Mermaid paste was used as a candle. A large number of gold cakes, horseshoe gold, gold plates, Lin toe gold, gold utensils, copper coins and countless jade products were unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Haiying.
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