What are the novels similar to the 300 Yuan Qu?
The online novel recommendations are here! Song Qu, a historical novel written by Haoyue Weiyang, talked about the Song Dynasty, although the army was strong and the land was vast, but when it was defeated, it ceded territory and made peace. The common people suffered, but the monarch and his subjects were safe. They discussed whether to reform to save the country or change the world. " Fuyao Song ", a work of spring sorrow waiting for wine to pour, an ancient romance novel, the legend of a little palace maid becoming the queen of Koryo, and other elements of the Yuan Dynasty and Koryo. 'The First Shaman in the Wilderness' was a Xianxia novel written by Drunken Cloud Chui Meng. Su Ming, who had been reborn as a Shaman, faced the schemes of all the Saints. Once the system awakened, the Chaos became the supreme shaman. " The Great Tang of the Arts " was written by Bao Dahai. The academic tyrants of the arts did not want to be promoted and made a fortune in the Tang Dynasty, but they all got it. They were extremely important. Although the book was long-winded, it was good to read. Finally, he strongly recommended " Elegant Sao," a work of the Three Addicts of Thief Taoism. It was a story that traveled back to the 40th year of Wanli. The elegant and vulgar customs of Jiangnan in the late Ming Dynasty were all in it. Although the author had passed away, his writing style was superb. The historical background was well described. It was like a scroll unfolding. It was a historical masterpiece. Read more exciting novels for free
What is the main idea of Qu Yuan in the movie Qu Yuan?
The movie Qu Yuan was a movie about Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese mythological character. It was a movie that explored Qu Yuan's thoughts and cultural background. Qu Yuan was a famous patriotic poet in ancient China. His representative work, Chu Ci, was a classic in the history of Chinese literature. In the movie, Qu Yuan was portrayed as a man full of thoughts and emotions. He loved his country and people, but faced all kinds of difficulties and difficulties. Through Qu Yuan's story, the movie explored the theme of patriotism, democratic thinking, moral values, etc., while also showing the charm and significance of Chinese traditional culture.
Is there a novel similar to "If Qu Yuan did not sink into the river"?
Classic Yuan Qu
Is there anything you need me to answer about Yuan Qü's works?
The Two Exiles of Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan's first exile took place in 304 B.C., the eleventh year of King Nan of the State of Chu. Qu Yuan was exiled to Hanbei because of his plan to reconcile with Qin and Chu. During his exile, Qu Yuan felt the depression of not being able to return to his hometown. This emotion was also reflected in his work, Thoughts. The first exile lasted six years, until 299 B.C. Qu Yuan's second exile took place between 296 B.C. and 279 B.C. and lasted for 18 years. The route of this exile started from Ying Du (Jiangling County, Hubei Province), passed through Xiashou, looked at Longmen, entered Dongting Lake, then left Xiapu, and finally arrived at Lingyang (South of Qingyang County, Anhui Province). The reason for the second exile was that the relationship between Chu and Qin deteriorated. King Qingxiang of Chu was forced to flee, and Qu Yuan was also exiled. The above is the detailed process of Qu Yuan's two exiles.
The strength of Qu Yuan in the sword
If the anime wasn't enough, then hurry up and watch the novel version of " Sword Comes "! The original novel was equally wonderful!
Qu Yuan and Li Sao
Li Sao was a poem written by Qu Yuan, not a novel. The original text was as follows: The emperor is the descendant of Gaoyang, and my emperor is called Boyong. In Mengzou, only Gengyin and I surrendered. The emperor looked at me for the first time and gave me a good name: Name me Zhengze, word me Lingjun. I have such inner beauty, and I value it to cultivate my ability. Hu Jiang Li and Pi Zhi, wearing autumn orchids. I'm afraid I can't catch up with you for years. In the morning I pluck the mulans of the mountains, and in the evening I pluck the grass of the continents. The sun and moon suddenly do not linger, spring and autumn alternate. I'm afraid the beauty will be old. Why don't you change this kind of behavior? Take a good horse to gallop, come to me first! In the past, the purity of the three queens was the place where all the fragrance was. Mixed Shen pepper and fungus osmanthus ah, is it only the husband Hui! Yao and Shun were upright and upright. They followed the Tao and got the way. Why is Xia Jie and Shang Zhou so rampant? They only want to take shortcuts to make things difficult. Only the party is happy, the road is dark and dangerous. Where is the rest of the body exhausted disaster ah, I am afraid the emperor's chariot will be defeated! Suddenly he ran in succession and caught up with the former king. Li Quan did not investigate my true feelings, but listened to calumny and became angry. I knew that the people who were upright and upright would cause trouble, but I couldn't bear it and couldn't give up. It is because of spiritual cultivation that we regard the nine heavens as the right way. It is said that dusk is the beginning of the day, ah, Qiang people in the middle of the road to change the road! At the beginning, you and I made a deal, regret running away and having other things. I am not afraid of parting, but I am sad about the change of spiritual cultivation. I have planted nine thousand orchids and planted hundreds of acres of Hui. The fields are left in the fields and the carts are opened, and Du Heng and Fang Zhi are mixed together. I hope the branches and leaves will grow tall and luxuriant. I hope to wait for the right time. I will cut them down. Even if it withers away, what harm is there? Alas for the turnip and filth of the fragrance. Everyone is competing to be greedy, relying on insatiable desire. The Qiang people are forgiving themselves and measuring others. They are jealous of each other. I'm not in a hurry to chase you. I'm afraid I won't be able to make a name for myself. In the morning, I drink the dew of Mulan, and in the evening, I eat the fallen petals of autumn chrysanthemum. If I can understand his sincerity and practice his essence, what harm will there be to his long chin? The root of the tree is used to form a knot, which runs through the fallen pistil of the Ficus pumila. Use wormwood osmanthus to thread Hui, and ask for the rope of Hu. I'm a monk who has been practicing in the past. It's not what the secular world admires. Although I am not as good as today's people, I hope to follow Peng Xian's legacy. Long sigh to cover up the tears, sad people's lives are so difficult. Although I like to repair my clothes and tie them up, I am upright in the morning and change in the evening. You have replaced me with a lotus flower, and you have extended it with a lotus flower. It's also what I like in my heart. Even if I die nine times, I won't regret it. The vengeful spirits are so mighty that they can't understand the hearts of the people. All the women are jealous of my beautiful eyebrows, and they say that I am good at lewdness. It's the custom of the times to make mistakes according to the rules. Back to the rope ink to chase the curve ah, competing for Zhou Rong as the standard. I'm the only one who's poor at this time. I'd rather die in exile than do this. The birds of prey do not flock together, ah, since the previous generation is true. How can a square and round circle be perfect? It's a different way to live and work together. Conquer your heart and restrain your ambition, bear the blame and resist the abuse. Concealing innocence to die for justice, is indeed the former sage's kindness. I regret that I didn't see clearly. I'm going to rebel. Turn my car around and go back to the road. It's not far from the road. The rest of the horses galloped in Langao, galloping on the pepper hill for a while. If you don't go in, you'll leave the world. If you go back, you'll repair my clothes again. He made clothes with caltrops and lotus seeds, and made clothes with hibiscus flowers. If I don't know it, I'll be fine. If I feel it, I'll be honest. I'm wearing a tall hat, and I'm wearing a long jade pendant. Fragrance and grace are mixed together, but Zhao Zhi is not lost. Suddenly I looked back and looked around, ready to go to the four wastelands to see. The ornaments are colorful and complicated, and the fragrance is more beautiful. People have their own happiness, but I like to cultivate as a routine. Even if the body is relieved, I still have not changed. How can I be punished by my heart? You are a beautiful woman, and you scold me again and again. He said,"Gun died of his own accord, and died young in the wilderness of the feather. Why are you so broad-minded and good at self-cultivation, and why do you have such a moral integrity? Ficus pumila as a garment, and wisteria as a belt." (There is more to come, but for the sake of space, not all are listed.) This work expressed his concern for the fate of Chu State and the lives of the people. It lamented the hardships of the people and lamented the rule of crafty sycophants. It reflected the positive romanticism spirit and created the "Sao" style of poetry in China literature, which had a profound impact on later generations. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is there a novel similar to Qu Yuan's Complete Collection of the Summoning of Love?
There were novels similar to Qu Yuan's The Summoning of Love: Book of Troubled Times, Author: Ji Cha 2:"Spiritual Realm Walker", Author: Xiao Langjun 3: The Tang's Table, Author: Jie and 2 4."King of Familiars", Author: Light Spring Flowing Sound Fairy, Please Listen to My Explanation, Author: Mi Tian Building National Forensic Medicine, Author: Zhiniao Village 7:"Wait, Heroine." Author: Guan Guan Gongzi 8: Mantang Colorful, Author: Weird Cousin 9:"Hidden Dead Corner", Author: Get Lost Final Divine Duty, Author: Tuoba Goudan Beyond Time, Author: Er Gen This Game Is Too Real by Chen Xing LL Red Heart Sky Patrol, Author: What's the Matter? Ring of Destiny, Author: Squid Who Loves to Dive National Master of Ming Dynasty, Author: West Lake Encountered Rain Choose a Day to Ascend, Author: Otaku Pig 17:"Who's in Love After Rebirth?" Author: What's Wrong? Deep Sea Ember, Author: Yuantong Chapter 19: Cultivation in the Chaotic World of Demonic Martial Arts, Author: Wenplagiarism 20:"Who told him to cultivate!" Author: The Whitest Crow The following is a detailed introduction of these novels: 1."Book of Troubled Times":"Book of Troubled Times" is a delightful novel. It uses a relaxed style to describe a chaotic world full of Jianghu aura. The protagonist of the story was a young swordsman. He carried a long saber on his shoulder and hung wine on his waist. He strode forward, but his mind was a little blurry about the Jianghu. The plot was so compact and fascinating that one couldn't help but finish reading it in one breath. The author's writing was smooth and easy to read. There was no heart-wrenching plot, making people feel very comfortable. In addition, the emotional lines in the book were described in a very delicate and moving manner, allowing people to immerse themselves deeply in it. The setting of "Book of Troubled Times" was very interesting. The protagonist traveled to a chaotic world full of demonic sects and Jianghu, and began an exciting adventure. The plot of the story was more positive, making people feel full of positive energy. All in all, Book of Troubled Times was a highly recommended novel. It attracted the readers 'attention with its unique setting and wonderful plot, immersing them in a chaotic world full of Jianghu. Whether it was from the content of the book, or from life, emotions, psychology, society, history, etc., this book could give people inspiration and thought. 2."Spirit Realm Traveler":"Spirit Realm Traveler" was an exciting adventure novel. The protagonist Zhang Yuanqing entered a world full of spirits after receiving a mysterious gift. The author, Xiao Langjun, used his unique creativity to combine reality and the spiritual realm, creating a strange world that merged reality and reality. The story was full of suspense elements and a supernatural atmosphere, allowing people to experience the wonders of the Spirit Realm world. In terms of writing style, the newspaper seller adopted a crime-solving style of writing. The plot and delicate and rigorous logic made the whole story richer and more fascinating. The description of daily life was the newspaper seller's strong point. He could use a few words to portray a vivid character, allowing people to quickly grasp a person's character. In addition, the newspaper seller's writing skills were also impressive. His descriptions of daily life and character portrayals, whether in the web novel world or in other types of novels, could give people a unique reading experience. All in all,"Spirit Walker" was a fascinating adventure novel. It used its unique creativity and exquisite writing style to immerse people in a spirit realm world that combined reality and reality. 3."The Tang's Table": Another masterpiece by Second Brother. The results were obvious to all. She had been in the top 10 of the monthly votes all year round. Everyone came to admire how Yunchu built the ultimate Chang 'an ~~~ 4: King of Familiars: p(*^-^*)q 4 stars The Light Spring Flowing, a new work, or an old familiar, the previous one was an unscientific familiar, a transformation from doujinshi. The results were very gratifying. This book belongs to the familiar version of the Revival of Reiki. From the beginning of the animal contract training, the family heirloom left behind by the missing parents, and the beginning of the familiar dungeon, there is enough suspense. The contract is signed, the author updates are guaranteed, read it with confidence! 5:"Fairy, Please Listen to My Explanation": Multiple Female Lead: The game settings are the same, but the game has changed a lot after transmigrating. The author said that he was a newcomer, but his writing was quite good. In addition, there are some problems with this article, but I personally think that the flaws do not obscure the merits. It is worth reading. National Forensic Medicine: Five star recommendation! The main character was a forensic doctor. He solved the case through technology! It was real. He wanted to watch the TV series adapted from it. 7:"Heroine, Wait": Rating: "Fantasy, Genius, Daily Life, Many Female Lead" [Status: Series (Last post: 550,000)] [What would you do if both the underworld and the underworld needed you?] Wasn't it good for the Night Terror Hall to have a foot in three boats? I want the empress's favorite minister, the lover of the rebel leader, and the young master of a big gang in the martial world! Young Master Guan Guan's new work, Xianxia returned to Wuxia works. It could be seen that it was in the comfort zone. It was written with ease and familiarity, and it had the shadow of the previous two books. Those who liked this kind of routine had no pressure to fall into the pit. It was still the familiar bird bird, the familiar multi-female lead mode. It was considered a rare masterpiece among many female protagonists. Those who liked this kind of work could take a look. It definitely wouldn't disappoint. 8:"Mantang Colorful Colors":[Tang] In the fifth year of Tianbao, Kaiyuan flourished. This was a year when the Great Tang's strength had reached its peak, when its soldiers were strong, and when its people were strong. Able ministers, capable officials, famous generals, strong soldiers, endless use of them; There is a lot of food and grass, and the language is beautiful and beautiful. However, as a transmigrator, Xue Bai had always been worried. The civil and military officials of the court were fighting for power and wealth, and they were extremely extravagant. The An Lushan Rebellion was right before their eyes. Xue Bai knew that he had to do something. [Status of the work: 47,000 words. In progress.] The author was one of the twelve heavenly kings of the 2020 online role model writers, Weird Cousin. His representative works include "The End of Song" 9:"Hidden Dead Corner": Actually, there's no need to recommend it anymore. Anyway, Rollie's book is the type that those who love to read it will chase after it, and those who don't read it won't be able to continue reading it. After so many books, the bad habit of the late plot going berserk hasn't changed at all, but the early stages are really good. The ability of the interesting imagination hasn't declined either. So I put him up because I finally couldn't help but pull out the seedling and think it looked really good. Damn it, why did I have to look at it so early? In my heart, the most beautiful place for Rollie was the Magus World. She really liked the atmosphere that she created. 10."The Final Divine Order":"The Final Divine Order" is a novel written by a high-ranking martial artist. His works have always been very popular. The pace of this novel was not bad at the moment. It gave people a refreshing feeling and could be considered fodder. This book was quite good. The author's writing was very skilled, and his worldview was also very good. The various concepts and forces were very rich, and the timing of the introduction was also very appropriate. It did not feel like a stiff map change. The protagonist was about to change maps and enter the official faction for the first time. The following plot would be even more exciting. He hoped that the author could write a good outline to avoid the main character's combat strength collapsing and losing the challenge because of his unparalleled ability. The genre of this book was very similar to the Atlas of Heaven and Man, but the setting was science fiction, and the social setting and style were more relaxed. The combat strength setting was a combination of three types of martial arts Prosthetics. "I have a lot of bonus points for martial arts books. The author of this book is fluent, but it's still a refreshing type of novel. If you're interested, you can take a look. 11."Beyond Time": Heaven and Earth are the guest houses of all living beings, and time is a passer-by from ancient times to the present. The difference between life and death was like the difference between dreams and waking up. It was ever-changing and could not be questioned. Then, beyond life and death, beyond heaven and earth, beyond time, what awaits us? "This Game Is Too Real": Moving bricks, running errands, picking up trash, delivering packages... The company can at most let you experience the hardships of 996, but here you can experience the super double 007. Alright, let's cut the crap. The great manager has called me to move bricks. That lord said that as long as we work hard and offer our livers, he will be able to get a brand new set of power armor next month. Then, he will bring us to a brand new map and pick up more trash in the vast wasteland! …… Chu Guang, who had transmigrated to the Wasteland World, discovered that he had unlocked the Sanctuary System and could summon creatures called "players" from the parallel world. From that day on, the entire wasteland was not proper. "Red Heart Sky Patrol":"Red Heart Sky Patrol" was a Xianxia novel. The author used a hot-blooded style to describe a grand world. This book had more than six million words. It could be said to be a super-long immortal and chivalrous masterpiece. It was definitely an unforgettable classic. The book's recommendation score was 8.6 points, which showed how excellent it was. The author had created a rich character in the book. Every character had their own story, which was unforgettable. There were many famous scenes in the book, especially the scene where Jiang Wang's hair turned white overnight, the plot of the Yellow River Meeting, and the later plot where Jiang Wuqi became an autumn frost and chased after Zhang Linchuan. They were all very exciting and made people's blood boil. The plot of this book developed slowly, but the exciting and bloody scenes at the end of the book made people feel that the pain was worth it. The first volume described the daily life of the small town, but the shocking scene in the last volume brought the reader into this cruel and real world. The main character, Jiang Wang, adhered to the path of innocence and tried his best to do the best within his ability. Although his growth was criticized by many people, his persistence and hard work were worthy of recognition. In general, Red Heart Sky Patrol was a wonderful classic Xianxia novel. The group of characters were vividly depicted, and each character had its own characteristics. This book made people feel the heroic spirit of the past and present, and also made us realize that everyone has their own value and meaning. I recommend it to readers who like Xianxia novels. "Ring of Destiny" was a mind-blowing fantasy novel. With a humorous tone, the author cleverly integrated the small stories into the story, making the readers feel happy and relaxed in the process of reading. The story was full of interesting and unexpected plots, making people unable to stop. At the same time, the author also ingeniously integrated the elements of violence, allowing the readers to enjoy the humor and also feel the pleasure of invisible posturing. This book was not only a novel, but also an exciting work. It aroused the readers 'yearning for unlimited fantasy, allowing them to wave in the wind and show the undefeated hot-blooded spirit of a young man. In addition, the author also ingeniously integrated the mysterious world and the story of 1368 into it, adding a sense of mystery and the unknown to the whole story. Overall, The Ring of Destiny was an immersive and imaginative novel that was worth reading. After witnessing the end of the Battle of Jingnan, Jiang Xinghuo, who was the target of the Ten Clans Execution, finally heaved a sigh of relief. As a veteran transmigrator, he could return to the modern world for eternal life after transmigrating for nine lifetimes. Jiang Xinghuo, who felt that he was about to succeed, was so bored that he began to teach in prison, but it seemed that something was wrong... Ma Sanbao: What is the Great Voyage Era in On Sea Power? [Yao Guangxiao: On the Fate of a Nation is actually the legendary dragon-slaying technique!] Zhu Gaochi: I haven't finished talking about the silver standard in the History of Chinese Money. Jiang Xing Huo: "I'm going to be beheaded tomorrow. I'll tell you the rest of the lesson in your dreams." At this moment, the walls of the Imperial Jail collapsed and a voice sounded. "Mr. Jiang, I am Zhu Di. Please be the state preceptor!" Chapter 16:"Ascending on a New Day": Otaku Pig's New Book. The Second Chapter Begins to Be Awesome. The Old God Is Strong 17:"Who's in Love After Rebirth?": Struggle until you can't afford a house at the age of 38. You have to pay 300,000 yuan as a betrothal gift to get married. You have to live frugally for most of your life. It's so bad that your liver is broken. But where's the money? Who earned the money? Jiang Qin, who had been reborn at the age of 18 with countless grievances, opened his eyes and the only thought was to start a business and make money. The first step was to snatch back the love letter, turn it over, and write three lines under the school belle's shocked eyes: It was impossible to work now! He only wanted wealth and freedom, never to be a slave! As for love? Even dogs wouldn't talk about that! Personal Rating:️️ "Deep Sea Ember": Big Eyeball's new work. The writing style is as excellent as ever. It's humorous and deep. The characters are deeply rooted in people's hearts. The plot is full of ups and downs. I strongly recommend it. "Cultivation in the Chaos of the Demonic Martial World":"Cultivation in the Chaos of the Demonic Martial World" is a novel with an old-fashioned setting but a novel story. The protagonist seemed to be emotional and heartless, devoted to the Dao but also listening to music. This contradictory character made the story even more fascinating. Even though the early stage of Great Liang's development was pushed out to become a Martial Immortal, the author's updates could reach ten thousand words per day, showing the author's diligence and hard work. In the story, Fang Xi transmigrated to another world and displayed her spirit of striking with a heavy fist. Moreover, she seamlessly connected the two worlds and developed steadily, which was amazing. The author's writing style was sharp and unrestrained, bringing a new reading experience to the readers. It was reasonable to say that laws were important in troubled times. The protagonist could also become a big shot in the cultivation world, which made people look forward to the development of the story in the future. In short,'Cultivating Immortals in the Demonic Martial World' was a fascinating novel that was worth reading. "Who told him to cultivate!" "I've repeatedly stressed that the atmosphere in the cultivation world is crooked, and I'm not the one who led it astray. It's said that history books are written by the victors. Then why are there always people framing me when I win?" Sword Immortal Lu Yang said this to the reporters, expressing his anger. The next day. "I have repeatedly stressed that I am the one who led the cultivation world astray." Sword Immortal Lu Yang said this in an interview, expressing his anger. 'Daily Cultivation' reporting for you. You can read these novels on Qidian Chinese Network.
What did dumplings have to do with Qu Yuan? Why do we eat dumplings to commemorate Qu Yuan? Did Qu Yuan like to eat dumplings?
There was a close relationship between Zongzi and Qu Yuan. According to legend, Qu Yuan was a statesman, poet, and writer of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period. During his exile, he deeply pondered and criticized the people of the State of Chu, and finally threw himself into the river. In order to commemorate his patriotic spirit and loyalty to Chu, people would hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi every year after he jumped into the river to express their admiration and nostalgia for him. Eating zongzi is to commemorate Qu Yuan and is also a traditional custom. Zongzi was usually made from glutinous rice, meat, eggs, beans, and other ingredients. It was soft and sweet. While eating zongzi, people would also drink realgar wine, hang wormwood, and wear sachets to pray for peace, health, and happiness. As for whether Qu Yuan liked to eat zongzi, there was no clear record. However, from the way the dumplings were made, it usually required glutinous rice and other materials to be made. These materials were usually soft and easy to digest. Therefore, Qu Yuan's physical condition might not be suitable for eating too many dumplings. However, as a traditional cultural heritage, zongzi has become an important part of the Dragon Boat Festival in China. Eating zongzi is also a way to express admiration and nostalgia for Qu Yuan.
Why is Qu Yuan called China's Dante, and not Dante called China's Qu Yuan?
This question involved many aspects such as cultural history and language differences. Although Dante (Rembrandt van Rijn) was a famous 15th century Dutch painter whose works had a profound influence on modern art, he was not the first name to appear in China. Qu Yuan (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikov) was a famous Russian composer, pianist and poet in the 19th century. His works had a profound influence on modern Chinese music and literature. His name was not the first name to appear in China, nor was it the first name to be translated into Chinese. In traditional Chinese culture, Qu Yuan was a great poet and patriot. His poems and thoughts had a profound impact on Chinese culture. Although Dante has an important position in art and literature, he was not Chinese. He lived in the 15th century in Netherlands, and his name has not been translated into Chinese, so we cannot call Qu Yuan the Dante of China. On the contrary, Qu Yuan's importance in Chinese culture and history could not be surpassed. He was regarded as one of the representatives of ancient Chinese culture. His poems and thoughts had always been appreciated and inherited by the Chinese people.
What are Qu Yuan's poems?
Qu Yuan was a famous patriotic poet in ancient China. His poems covered many aspects. Here are some of his works: Li Sao: This is one of Qu Yuan's most famous works and the earliest romantic poem in the history of Chinese literature. It expressed Qu Yuan's deep feelings for his motherland and his struggle against fate. It was hailed as the "foundational work of Chinese literature." Asking Heaven: This is an article full of philosophical thinking. It puts forward a series of questions about the universe, nature and human beings. It probes into the relationship between man and nature and the meaning of life. 3. Nine Debate: This is a political essay that criticized the political system and social abuses of the time, called on people to face the real problems bravely, and put forward some constructive suggestions. 4." Mourning Ying ": This is a poem describing the fall of the State of Chu, expressing Qu Yuan's grief for history and sympathy for the people, reflecting the dark side of ancient Chinese society. [5]" Throwing into the River ": This is Qu Yuan's last work, expressing his loyalty to the motherland and his helplessness towards fate. It is a swan song full of patriotic spirit and romantic feelings. These works demonstrated Qu Yuan's outstanding poetic talent and profound thoughts, which had a profound impact on the history of Chinese literature and the history of world literature.