The patient in the icu

Answer 1

The patients in the ICU had the following characteristics:

** 1. Patient Type **
1. ** Patient with multiple diseases **
- If there were patients who needed to be observed and rescued after the surgery, they would have to stay in the ICU for a certain period of time for observation according to the regulations to ensure that their physical functions were stable and to prevent sudden serious situations after the surgery.
- For patients with severe lung infection, such as those who had severe lung damage due to bad habits such as smoking, their respiratory function might be greatly affected. They needed professional equipment and medical staff in the ICU to maintain their vital signs.
- For patients who suffered from severe trauma, such as those who suffered multiple fractures in their bodies and severe internal bleeding due to internal organ collisions, their physical functions were extremely unstable due to their serious injuries. They needed to undergo comprehensive treatment and monitoring in the ICU.
- For patients with special diseases such as heatstroke, the mortality rate of heatstroke was high. The patients might vomit blood, become incontinent, or even become vegetative. They needed to receive specialized treatment and care in the ICU.
- For patients with internal diseases such as digestive tract bleeding, their conditions may suddenly deteriorate, and they may experience emergencies such as entricular tremor. Emergency rescue and close monitoring are required in the ICU.
2. ** Patients by Specialties **
- According to the specialties, the ICU would be further divided into surgery (SIICU), internal medicine (MIICU), neurology (NICU), newborns (NICU), and pediatrics (PICU). The different specialty ICUs would receive critically ill patients from the corresponding specialties.

** 2. Patient's condition and nursing care **
1. ** Physical condition **
- Most of them were in critical condition and needed to pay attention to many physiological indicators, such as heart rate, urine volume, central venous pressure, etc. Many patients had all kinds of tubes inserted into their bodies. For example, tubes for monitoring and treatment were inserted into their heads and hands. They might also be connected to emergency equipment such as a breather, an electrocardio monitor, and a detonator.
- Some patients were unconscious. For example, patients with heatstroke might have symptoms such as unconsciousness, fainting, hallucinations, and even convulsions. They were unable to actively express their feelings and needs.
2. ** Care Requirement **
- ** Healing **
- ** Circulation therapy **: The patient's cardiac function and circulating blood volume will be assessed through electromyogram and hemodynamics monitoring such as non-invasive blood pressure. Cardiotonic drugs such as foxglove, fluid replacement, and diuretics such as fursemide will be appropriately selected to maintain the stability of hemodynamics.
- ** Breathing therapy **: It can be used for oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and other operations such as phlegm aspiration with a phlegm aspiration tube and a bronchoscope to ensure that the breathing function is normal.
- ** Nutritional support **: Enteric nutrition is provided through nasogastrictic or naso-intestinal tubes to maintain the nutritional supply required by the patient's body.
- ** Care **
- They had to monitor the patient's electrogram and hemodynamics, and observe their pulse, blood pressure, and other physical signs.
- Prepare the medicine for the patient and adjust the patient's sleeping posture to prevent choking and coughing due to phlegm.
- For patients with drainage tubes, the drainage volume should be recorded in a timely manner.
- For patients who have a respiratory system, the parameters of the respiratory system should be observed at all times, and the alarm should be dealt with in time.

** 3. Fee-related **
1. ** Many Charging Items **
- All kinds of monitoring equipment in the ICU were necessary, and these monitoring items were almost all charged by the hour. If the condition was critical, it meant that more equipment was needed and the cost would increase accordingly.
- All the patients in the ICU were equipped with professional medical staff. Each bed was equipped with one doctor, three or more nurses, two specialized respiratory physicians, and one clinical pharmacist. The huge manpower consumption was also a big part of the fee.
- The drugs that patients needed were usually very expensive, especially after using imported drugs. The price would even increase by dozens of times. In addition to these, patients often needed to undergo laboratory tests. Some of the individual tests even required multiple tests in a day. This was also a point of expenditure. If the situation was serious, the cost would be even higher if equipment such as an ECMO was used.

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