The flame reaction was a reaction in which certain metals or their compounds caused the flame to show a special color when burned in a colorless flame. It could be distinguished by observing the color of the flame. The flame reaction colors of common metals were: Na yellow, Li purple, K purple, rubidium light purple, calcium brick, Stronghold red, copper green, Ba yellow green. When conducting a flame reaction experiment, a clean platinum wire (or iron wire) was usually used to burn the flame outside the alcohol lamp until the color was the same as before (to prevent impurities on the platinum wire from interfering with the test). Then, the metal wire was dipped in the solution to be tested and burned to observe the color of the flame. Because of the possible use of Na in the production of potash, the solution of potash ions often contained Na ions, and the flame reaction of Na was yellow, which was difficult to distinguish from a small amount of purple. Therefore, when observing the flame color of potash, it was necessary to observe it through a blue-colored glass to eliminate the interference of the flame color of Na. In chemistry, the flame reaction was often used to identify whether a certain metal existed in a compound, such as identifying a solution of NaCl2 and a solution of KCl2. The flame color was yellow for the NaCl2 solution, and the flame color was purple for the KCl2 solution. Read more exciting novels for free
The flame reaction test for the determination of the potassium ion mainly had the following steps: First, the platinum wire was dipped in concentrated sulfuric acid and burned on a colorless flame until it was colorless. Then, the sample was dipped in the colorless flame and burned. Then, the color of the flame was observed through the blue Cobalt Glass. If the flame was purple, it meant that the sample contained the potassium ion. Otherwise, it did not. After the experiment, the platinum wire was dipped in concentrated sulfuric acid and burned until it was colorless. In the flame reaction, because the yellow color of the Na flame might cover up the color of the K flame, it had to be observed with blue Cobalt Glass. This method originated from Bunsen's experiment. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
There was no flame reaction on iron, or the frequency of the photon emitted by the iron after being excited had fallen outside the visible light, so the flame reaction experiment on iron could not be carried out. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The materials needed for the flame reaction of potassium were as follows: 1. Platinum wire: used to dip the sample. 2. "Acid: Before the flame reaction, dip the platinum wire in acid and burn it on a colorless flame until it is colorless to remove the interference of impurities on the experiment. 3. Test sample (the solid can be directly dipped in, and the solution of the potassium ion can also be dipped in). 4. Blue Cobalt Glass: Because most of the time, the production of potassium requires the use of Na, and the solution of potassium ions often contains Na ions, and the flame reaction of Na is yellow. Yellow and a small amount of purple cannot be distinguished, so the flame reaction of potassium needs to be observed through blue Cobalt Glass. Blue Cobalt Glass can filter out the yellow light. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
On the one hand, sulfuric acid was not as volatile as sulfuric acid. When sulfuric acid was heated, it could evaporate quickly without affecting the experimental results, while sulfuric acid was not easy to evaporate, which would affect the experimental results. On the other hand, although platinum was a passive metal, it would still have a certain degree of oxidization in the face of a strong oxidiser such as sulfuric acid. Therefore, it could not be used in the flame reaction of platinum. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Aluminiothermic reaction was a kind of oxide-reduction reaction between aluminum and metal or non-metal compounds at high temperatures. Aluminiothermic reaction was an exhaling reaction, and its heat release was very large, usually enough to heat the product above the melting point, and the reaction could generally occur locally and be self-sustaining. This characteristic also reflected the energy-saving characteristics of the reaction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
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Oxidation and reduction reactions occurred simultaneously in a single oxido-reduction reaction. It could not simply be said that either of the reactions was heat absorbing. Oxidation-reduction reactions could be both heat absorbing and heat releasing. For example, the combustion reaction was an oxido-reduction reaction and was an exhalation reaction, while the formation of water gas was an absorption reaction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fever usually occurred within 1 - 2 hours after blood transfusion. It was often accompanied by chills or chills, followed by high fever. The body temperature could reach 39 - 40 ° C, accompanied by skin flushing and headache. Most of the blood pressure did not change. The symptoms lasted for less than 10 minutes and relieved after 1 - 2 hours. Some patients might be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Most hemolytic reactions were caused by the transfusion of abnormal blood. The typical symptoms were shock, chills, high fever, difficulty breathing, back pain, precordium pressure, headache, hemoglobinuria, abnormal bleeding, and so on, which could lead to death. The only early signs of surgery patients under anesthesia were wound bleeding and low blood pressure. Compared to hemolytic reactions, fever reactions during blood transfusion were usually milder, but hemolytic reactions were more serious and even life-threatening. In addition, from the mechanism of the fever reaction, it was different from the hemolyzed reaction. The hemolyzed reaction was an acute immune transfusion reaction caused by the reaction of the transfused red blood cells (a few of which were the red blood cells of the recipient) with the corresponding red blood cell allo-antigen-like body of the recipient. In terms of treatment, there were also differences between the two. Blood transfusion should be stopped immediately for fevers, and heat preservation should be given when shivering, and fever should be treated with antipyretic treatment. For hemolytics, more complicated and urgent treatment measures should be carried out according to the specific situation, such as dealing with possible serious consequences such as shock and acute kidney failure. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The chemical reaction rate represented the speed of the chemical reaction, which was the rate of change of the reaction progress with time or the reaction progress of the chemical reaction in unit time and unit volume. The average reaction rate was the decrease of the concentration of the reagent or the increase of the concentration of the product in unit time. The instantaneous reaction rate was the limit of the average reaction rate that approached zero. The reaction rate constant represented the chemical reaction rate at a unit concentration. It was independent of the concentration, but it was affected by factors such as temperature, catalyst, and solid surface properties. Usually, the larger the reaction rate constant, the faster the reaction would proceed. There were two common methods to measure chemical reaction rates: chemical and physical methods. The chemical method used chemical analysis to directly measure the change in the concentration of the reagent or product over time to obtain the chemical reaction speed. However, the chemical analysis speed might not be able to keep up with the reaction speed and affect the measurement results. However, it could provide an absolute concentration value. The physical method was more extensive and convenient. It was to determine the reaction speed based on some physical properties that changed with the reaction, such as the pressure method, the distension meter method, or the volume method; the optical rotatory method, the interference method, the chromicity method, and the spectrophotosity method; and the electrical property method, such as the conductivity method, the potential method, the polarography method, the dielectrical constant method, and the mass spectrum method. As for the determination of the reaction constant, for example, in the experiment of determining the rate constant of the fading reaction by the method of the catalyst, based on the principle of the catalyst kinetic method, the reaction system of the fading reaction of the Evans Blue by the reaction of the potassium bromate under the action of the NaNO3 was proposed. The corresponding chemical reaction rate constant was calculated by measuring the change of the absorption of the reaction system at different initial concentration and temperature. In terms of specific operations, the stock solution of the relevant reagents was first prepared, and then the reagents were added into the color-measuring tube according to a certain order and dosage. The timing and volume were started, and then the absorption curve was measured. The reaction constant was determined by preparing reaction solutions of different compositions, adding the solution after reacting for a period of time to stop the reaction, and taking a sample to measure the absorption curve. Finally, the concentration of other components was maintained at a constant temperature, and the change of the light absorption with time when different amounts of the solution of bromate or the solution of NaNO3 were measured, as well as the change of the light absorption with time when the specific amount of the solution of NaNO3 was measured at different temperatures. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
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