A simple guide to the history of aircraft development

The development of aircraft was long and rich. In 1783, humans took to the sky in balloons, which were lighter than the air. This was the beginning of human aviation exploration. At the end of the 19th century, the aircraft of the steam era appeared. In 1849, Kelly of the United Kingdom made the first glider in human history that was towed by ropes. In 1895, Percy Pilcher of the United Kingdom completed the unpowered " bat " hang glider. In 1903, the first aircraft heavier than air was born in the United States. It was invented by the Wright brothers and carried people into the sky. In 1908, Brazilian aviators designed the ultra-light aircraft "Damselfly" with bamboo as the body structure material; in 1909, French engineer Blelio flew his own "Blelio XI" aircraft across the English Channel. In November 1912, the plane was used in combat for the first time. During the First World War, planes were used for military purposes on a large scale, with about 100,000 aircraft participating in the war. Later, in the 1920s and 1970s, new aircraft models were introduced in various countries, such as the British Elko RH9A in 1918, the American Stimson SIM- 8A in 1926, the PZL - 104 in 1963, and the Rockwell International 114A in 1972. In World War II, more than 700,000 aircraft were used directly or indirectly in various fields of war. After the war, aircraft technology continued to develop, and it continued to make innovation and progress in different fields such as civil and military use. With the breakthroughs in relevant basic technology fields and the improvement of production management efficiency, aircraft performance continued to improve, playing an important role in modern local wars and military conflicts as well as civil aviation. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The main structure of the aircraft included the body, wings, tail, landing gear, and engine. ** 1. Airframe ** 1. ** Constitution ** - It contains the cockpit and/or passenger cabin, with passenger seats and aircraft control devices, and may also have a cargo hold and other parts mounting points. - In the early days, there were open lattice structures that used steel or aluminum pipes to obtain strength and stiffness by welding them into a triangle. For example, the Warren lattice structure consisted of stringers, inclined pipes, and vertical pipe units. Small airplanes often used aluminum alloy tubes, which were screwed or riveted into a whole through connecting pieces. - Modern airplanes mostly used reinforced outer shell structures that were made of single-body or semi-single-body structures. - The shell of the single-body horizontal design supported almost all the load. It was composed of a shell, a partition frame, and a waterproof wall. The partition frame and the waterproof wall formed the shape of the body, and the shell had to be strong enough to maintain the stiffness of the body. - The semi-singular structure used a sub-structure that could be attached to the aircraft's outer shell. The sub-structure was composed of a partition frame, a partition wall, and a stringer, which strengthened the outer shell through the bending stress of the aircraft. The main parts of the aircraft also included the wing mounting points and the fire partition. The single-engine aircraft engine was generally attached to the front of the aircraft, and there was a fire partition between the cockpit or passenger cabin behind the engine, which was mostly made of heat-resistant materials such as stainless steel. 2. ** Bearing load ** - In addition to bearing the load from all kinds of loading, it also withstood the dynamic load from moving parts, weapon launching, and cargo lifting. These loads were transmitted through the joints. The structure of the airframe would be complicated due to the design of the hatch and the opening. The alternating load transmitted by the propeller and tail propeller to the airframe would cause the airframe structure to vibrate, affecting the comfort of the passengers and the fatigue life of the structure. The military helicopter's body structure should also have the ability to withstand bullet damage and crash resistance. ** 2. Wings ** 1. ** Constitution ** - It was a lifting surface connected to both sides of the aircraft. There were many styles, size, and shapes to meet the performance requirements of different aircraft targets. They could be installed on the upper, middle, or lower parts of the body. They were called high-wing, mid-wing, and low-wing designs. There were single-wing aircraft (one set of wings), biplane, or biplane (two sets of wings). - The main structural components were wing spars, wing ribs, and stringers, which were reinforced by supports, I-beams, and pipes. The wing ribs determined the shape and thickness of the wings. The fuel tanks of most modern aircraft were either wing integrated components or containers that were flexibly installed in the wings. 2. ** Control Plane ** - There were two types of control surfaces, ailerons and flap, at the back or tail of the wings. The ailerons extended outward from about half of the wing to produce the opposite direction of the aircraft's roll and the airflow to tilt; the flap extended outward from the center of the wing, and when cruising, it was flush with the surface of the wing. When extended, it extended downward to increase the wing's lift during take-off or landing. ** 3. Tail ** - The tail included the entire tail of the aircraft, consisting of fixed wing surfaces (vertical tail and horizontal tail). The movable surfaces included the rudder, elevator, and one or more trimming fins (patch wings). Some tail designs did not require elevators. ** 4. Landing Gear ** - The reference did not mention the structural breakdown of the landing gear in detail, but it was an important component of the aircraft, used for support during take-off, landing, and taxiing. ** 5. Engine ** 1. ** Type of helicopter engine ** - The helicopter engines were generally divided into aviation piston-type engines and aviation turbine shaft engines. In the early stages of helicopter development, the aviation piston-type engine was used. Due to its large vibration, small power-to-mass ratio and power-to-volume ratio, and complicated control, the turbine shaft engine was gradually developed. In addition to some small helicopters, the turbine shaft engine was the main form of helicopter power plant. - The aviation turbine shaft engine could be divided into fixed turbine shaft engine and free turbine shaft engine. The free turbine shaft engine could also be divided into rear and front turbine shaft. The turbine shaft engine had five parts, namely the air intake device, the air conditioner, the combustion chamber, the turbine, and the exhaust device. 2. ** Information related to aircraft engines (not differentiated between helicopters and other aircraft)** - The engine was the source of power for the aircraft. There were various types of engines for different aircraft, such as passenger aircraft and fighter jets. The engines had their own characteristics in terms of performance and structure, but the reference materials did not give detailed information about the general structure breakdown diagram. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

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There were different opinions on the first aircraft in human history. According to ancient China records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a record of "Mozi cutting bamboo into a kite and flying for three days without falling." The founder of Mohism, Mozi, invented a wooden bird that could fly. Gongshu Ban (Luban) had also created a flying wooden kite. Not only could it fly for three days, but it could also carry people for thousands of miles. It could even take off and land vertically. He also used wooden kites for military reconnaissance. In addition to Lu Ban and Mozi, China were also wooden birds created by ancestors such as Zhang Heng, Han Zhihe, and Gao Pian. In addition, it was said that Shun used two large bamboo hats as wings to glide down from the barn. This was the earliest story of the ancients using similar flying devices. In the Spring and Autumn Period, bamboo dragonflies were invented, which were simple devices that could fly into the sky. There were also kites, Kongming lanterns, and other flying devices in ancient China. In the West, Icarus of Greece tried to fly with artificial wings, but failed because he did not understand the principles of flutter. However, what was generally recognized in modern times was the aircraft invented by the Wright brothers in 1903. They created an innovative control method, three-axis control, and successfully created the first truly controllable aircraft and carried out human-powered flight. This marked the beginning of a new era in the history of aircraft. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The development of China's aircraft carrier began in the late 1990s, starting from the purchase and transformation of the "Varyag" into the era of aircraft carriers. In 2012, China's first aircraft carrier, the " Liao Ning ", entered service, laying the foundation for the construction of aircraft carriers. In 2017, the domestic aircraft carrier "Shandong" entered service, bringing China's aircraft carrier development to a new stage. Now that the Fujian ship had also undergone sea trials, the China aircraft carrier fleet had expanded to three. In the process of development, not only did the number of aircraft carriers gradually increase, but the technology and combat capabilities related to aircraft carriers also continued to develop. For example, the successful development and service of the J- 15 carrier aircraft gave the aircraft carrier a more complete combat establishment. At the same time, the development speed of China's aircraft carriers exceeded Western expectations. Although the Fujian ship was a conventional power carrier, it was equipped with electromagnetic launch technology, which was a great advantage in technology. Regarding future development, there is news that China plans to build more aircraft carriers in the next decade. According to military analysis, it may develop to the scale of six or eleven aircraft carriers. These two sizes have strategic significance. The configuration of six aircraft carriers can meet strategic needs and avoid waste of resources. It can ensure maritime hegemony in Southeast Asia, the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean and other sea areas, maintain sea control over Taiwan, the South China Sea and other disputed areas, and also improve the combat capability of carrier aircraft. The 11 aircraft carriers represent a more ambitious global strategy that can enhance combat capabilities on a global scale and respond to security challenges in the global strategic environment, but it also faces huge technical, economic, and personnel management challenges. Although there were many discussions about whether the Type 004 aircraft carrier was a next-powered aircraft carrier, it was still unknown. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The following are some of the historical stories: - [The last emperor, Pu Yi, couldn't eat hot sesame seed cakes.] The specific reason was not specified, but it was an interesting thing about Pu Yi. - The legendary life of Liu He, Marquis of Haiying: He was originally the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He became King of Changyi at the age of seven and Emperor at the age of nineteen. He was deposed by the powerful minister Huo Guang and became a commoner after only twenty-seven days on the throne. At the age of 30, he was granted the title of Marquis of the Sea and died four years later. His tomb was involved in many stories. In March 2011, villagers in Guanxi Village, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province reported the case after discovering the tomb robbery. After investigation by archaeologists, they found that it was a high-level ancient tomb. - ** Chen Ping's Story **: Chen Ping lived in the Warring States Period. He relied on his ingenious strategy and deep insight into human nature to help Liu Bang stabilize his position in the struggle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. He relied on understanding the emotional needs of others and grasping interpersonal relationships to end well. His way of life also had implications for modern society. - ** The tragic destruction of the Jin Dynasty **: Jin Xizong did not preserve his body. Before he died, he passed the throne to Wanyan Chenglin and asked for his body to be burned. However, after the Southern Song and Mongolian coalition forces broke through Caizhou, they found the unburned body and divided it into two. The Southern Song and Mongolia each got half. The males of the Jin royal family were slaughtered, and the females were taken to the northern grasslands as prisoners for the Mongolia to enjoy themselves. The Empress of the Jin royal family was even insulted and painted as an erotic painting. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!

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