The generation of the pressing furnace

Answer 1

The generation of the Warp Pressing Furnace could be judged from the following aspects:
1. * * Identity **:
- The inscription of Xuande Furnace in Ming Dynasty was standard and dignified, mostly in seal script. If the inscription was in regular script, it might be copied by later generations. For example, the sutra pressing furnace with the bottom seal "Ming Xuande Year System", combined with factors such as patina and shape, may be dated to the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
- In the early Qing Dynasty, private stoves, such as the "Hanmo Book" seal script, had a beautiful and dignified feeling after polishing the font, which was different from the style of the Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the official cast seal script was like the "Xuande Year System" long-legged seal script. The lines were regular, strong and deep, full of official spirit.
- In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, such as the three-character seal script "Xuande Year", the strokes and other characteristics were different from those in the early Qing Dynasty. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there was a long-legged seal script of "Xuande Year System" carved in the open frame at the center of the furnace bottom. The strokes were narrow and the words were not very deep, reflecting the production standard of the official casting furnace height in the Qing Dynasty.
2. * * Styling characteristics **:
- The Ming Dynasty might be closer to the shape of the early Song Ding kiln porcelain, such as the high (low) foot pressing furnace.
- In the early Qing Dynasty, the shape of the furnace might have both the style of the late Ming Dynasty and the charm of the Qing Dynasty. For example, the narrow mouth of the furnace was slightly extravagant, the neck was slightly closed, the abdomen was slightly drooping, and there were three pillar-shaped milk feet under it. The feet were short and straight, and the two round ears were straight and round. In the early Qing Dynasty, the furnace with a seat was solemn and elegant, with strict rules, straight mouth and slightly open mouth, slightly closed neck, plump belly and so on.
- In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the furnace had its own shape characteristics, such as the overall shape was tall and straight, the mouth was flat, the neck was tied, the abdomen was round, and the lower part was smooth and had three breasts.
3. * * Skin color and patina **:
- The Xuande furnace of the Ming Dynasty was rich in color, with purplish-red as the base tone. There were dozens of colors such as brown, cyan, green, red, blue, yellow, white, gold, etc.
- In the early Qing Dynasty, the warp-pressing furnace might have the characteristics of the skin color of the pear with snowflake gold, the original skin was complete, the skin color was moist, and so on. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the furnace may have a dark chestnut shell skin color, a body full of snowflake gold and other different skin colors. In terms of patina, the patina state of different periods could also assist in determining the generation.
4. * * Craftsmanship **:
- The Xuande furnace of the Ming Dynasty was made with excellent craftsmanship and thick walls.
- The Qing Dynasty also had its own characteristics in terms of casting. For example, in the early Qing Dynasty, irregular marks of broken knives could be seen in the inner chamber, and the wall of the ware gradually became thinner from the mouth to the abdomen. The silver-inlaid process in the middle of the Qing Dynasty was popular in the late Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, there were fewer and fewer people who knew this process.

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