Klein's disease

Answer 1

You might want to ask about Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease was a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestines. It was mainly manifested as repeated abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, etc. It could also be accompanied by intermittent fever, malnutrition, and other symptoms. The most common site of the disease was the terminal ileum and the adjacent intestine, but the entire digestive tract from the oral cavity to the anus could be affected.

At present, the cause of the disease is still unclear. It may be related to environmental factors, genetic factors, immune factors, infection, and intestinal flora disorder. Pathologically, the location of the disease was generally distributed in segments. The pathological changes of the mucus were like cobblestones arranged up and down. They could also damage the whole layer structure of the intestinal wall. Fibrous proliferations made the intestinal wall thicken, harden, and narrow. When the intestinal wall was damaged, there might be mucus exuding, causing the intestines to adhere to each other. When the inflammation was serious enough to be punctured, it might be secondary to the inflammation. When it penetrated into other tissues, it might form a fistulous passage.

Crohn's disease lacked a radical cure. Drug therapy was generally used to control disease activity, reduce relapse, prevent complications, etc., such as the use of mesalamin and other aminosal acid preparations, the use of budesuron and other steroids, or azathioprine and other immune suppressors for treatment. If there was an infection, the use of nitramidazole-based drugs and Quinolones would also be used to fight the infection. In addition, for active Crohn's disease that has been treated with steroids or biologics to achieve a period of relief, maintenance treatment methods need to be selected according to the condition, the location of the disease, and the response to treatment. Hormonal dependence is the absolute indication for maintenance treatment.

In terms of clinical symptoms, most patients had no abnormalities. The early symptoms were not obvious, and the disease developed slowly. The course of the disease was long and alternated between intermittent activity and silence. It was difficult to cure. A small number of patients had an acute onset and showed severe abdominal pain similar to acute abdomen. Intestinal manifestations include abdominal pain (mostly in the lower right abdomen and around the umbilicus), diarrhea (Pasty feces, sometimes bloody, sometimes involving the lower part of the intestine and the anus, there may be mucus and bloody feces and severe tenesmus), abdominal mass, fistulas (divided into internal and external fistulas), perianus diseases (such as fistulas, anus fissures, etc.); Extra-intestinal manifestations may involve joints, eyes, skin, oral mucus, etc.; General symptoms include fever. The main complications were intestinal obstruction, abdominal distension, etc., and there was a higher probability of cancer compared to ordinary patients with gastroenteritis. In terms of examination, laboratory tests such as blood and feces could assist in the judgment. Colonoscopy was the first choice of examination method, and the scope of microscopic examination should be extended to the end of the ileum. Under the microscope, there were specific signs such as uneven but piecemeal mucus inflammation, vertical ulcers, cobblestone appearance, etc. If Crohn's disease of the small intestine was suspected and the narrowing and obstruction of the intestinal cavity were ruled out, capsule laparoscopy could be selected.

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