Gene silencing and its application
Gene silencing is a highly conservative, sequence-specific mechanism for the removal of DNA from eukaryota, such as plants, animals, nematodes, and fungi. It was discovered in 1990, when researchers introduced more copies of genes related to the synthesis of pink dye into petunias to produce darker purple petunias. As a result, many flowers did not deepen, but instead turned white or white. It plays an important role in regulating development and maintaining the stability of the genomes in response to biotic and abiotic stress. In eukaryota, there were many application methods according to the duration of the silencing of the DNA. It had important applications in plant functional genomes research, crop quality improvement, and virus-resistant plant cultivation, and had good development prospects. In the medical field, in 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first RNai-based drug, ONPUTL, for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin beta-like degeneration (hATTL) associated with multiple neuropathic diseases. In the agricultural field, the DNA pesticide was based on the mechanism of DNA interference. Compared with traditional small molecular pesticide, it had strong target specific and no residue, and the development cost was much lower than that of chemical pesticide. The first pesticide product approved by the U.S. environmental protection agency was a genetically modified corn that expressed DvSnf7 double-stranded R A to control the Western corn rootworm. The product was scheduled to be available in 2024. In addition, the VT4PR corn produced by the Bayer Group with the use of the Ai technology was also registered by the EP A and would be available in the United States as early as 2024. However, in order to realize the large-scale application of R A interference technology in the prevention and control of pests, problems such as the efficiency of R A delivery to target cells, the silencing efficiency of target genes, dose-limiting toxicity and insufficient interference efficiency, and the stability and persistence of R A molecules needed to be solved. "The Silent Eyewitness" novel is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Rna silencing technology
The technique of silencing the DNA of a target was a technique that could specifically degrade or specifically suppress the translation of the target's DNA. The DNA used could be from in or out of the body. It is an important conservative mechanism for regulating gene expression and resisting abiotic and biotic stress. Among them, Dicer-like (DTL) and Argonaute (AGO) protein, as well as RDA, are the core elements involved in gene silencing. In the field of crop breeding, there was a similar technology called the R A interference (R A I) technology. scientists could use it to "interfere" with specific genes of crops, so that crops had a certain target trait. This technology "silenced" specific genes without changing the original genes in the organism, providing new ideas for crop breeding technology. In nematodes, the technique of interfering with a single gene by using the expression of dsR was commonly used for instantaneous silencing of a single gene or genome-wide screening. The expression of dsR was usually induced by injecting animals with transcribed double-stranded R A, feeding dsR A expressing bacteria, or expressing dsR A in a plasmid-like medium. However, there were also technical limitations to the use of the technique. For example, the feeding method was not as effective as direct injection of dsDNA. Some genes and tissues (such as sperm cells) were resistant to gene silencing, and the efficiency of gene silencing by reuse was relatively low. In 2022, he constructed a method called piR Ai, which uses piGenes to promote gene silencing. It can perform specific and multiple intrinsic gene silencing in the sperm and embryos of nematodes. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the two scientists who first discovered that microR A could mediate gene silencing. MicroR A was a type of short-chain R A that could match a specific sequence in a long-chain R A. It could promote the decomposition of the long-chain R A or prevent the long-chain R A from being "translated" into a protein, thereby achieving gene silencing. "The Silent Eyewitness" novel is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
RNA interference silencing
The term "R A interference"(R A I) referred to the phenomenon of gene silencing induced by R A (either inside or outside the cell). The mechanism was that short anti-sense Rnas could suppress the expression of genes by blocking the translation or the translation of genes with complementary sequences. For example, small double-stranded molecules could suppress the expression of the same gene, thereby turning off the expression of specific genes. There were many applications for the silencing of DNA by the use of an interfering gene. In the treatment of human diseases, according to the pathogenic gene of a certain disease, small interfering molecules targeting the gene's messenger acid could be designed to suppress or block the expression of the pathogenic gene, thereby achieving the purpose of treating diseases. In theory, it could be used to treat tumors, infectious diseases, hereditary diseases, and so on. In addition, in many fields, such as forests, animal husbandry, and fishery, the silencing of DNA interference could also be used for seed breeding and drug development. "The Silent Eyewitness" novel is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The mechanism of sienna silencing
The mechanism of action of small interfering R As (siRAs) was based on post-transcriptional gene silencing. The sirnas were usually specific and effective in knocking down genes related to diseases. It was a double-stranded DNA of 21 - 23 nt. When the long double-stranded DNA (dsR A) was cut by Dicer, a member of the RNasse III family, the double-stranded DNA of the siRNa appeared. The double-stranded DNA consisted of a passenger strand (sense strand) and a guide strand (anti-sense strand). The SiRNa was incorporated into the RSA-induced silencing complex (RisC), where it interacted with the Argouate 2 component, leading to the uncoiling of the double strand and the breakdown of the passenger strand. The guide strand, which is complementary to the target mR A, guides the RisC complex to the mR A. However, in order for effective gene silencing to occur and lead to the above situation, the siRAs should be loaded onto the RisC correctly, and the length of the siRAs is a key factor in determining the outcome, because siRAs of more than 30 nt lead to the induction and immune response by activating the Toll-like receptor (TLR), which will lead to the overall silencing of the gene and eventual cell death. Since the siR A was a negatively charged macro molecules that was easily degraded by serum cleaving, and cell membrane penetrability was poor, different types of delivery systems had been developed to protect the siR A from being degraded and enhance cell absorption. These delivery systems included nanocarriers, aptamers, peptides, sugar/amine sugar, protein, and antibodies. "The Silent Eyewitness" novel is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Is 'The Silencing' based on a true story?
No, it's not. 'The Silencing' is a fictional work created for entertainment purposes.
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To be honest, I don't know for sure. Sometimes movies claim to be based on true stories but take a lot of creative liberties. It's hard to say with 'The Silencing'.
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The story of The Silencing mainly focuses on the efforts of the protagonist to solve the mystery of the missing girl while dealing with his own past. There are lots of twists and turns, keeping the viewers on the edge of their seats. The setting is quite intense and the characters are complex.
Is 'The Silencing' based on a true story?
No, it's not. 'The Silencing' is a fictional work created by the imagination of the writers and filmmakers.
Is 'The Silencing' based on a true story?
Yes, it is. 'The Silencing' takes inspiration from real-life events and incorporates elements of truth into its narrative.
Is the movie The Silencing based on a true story?
No, it's not. The movie is fictional and created by the imagination of the filmmakers.