Reverse Thinking Design Case Analysis

Answer 1

The following are some examples of reverse thinking in different fields:

** I. Education **
1. ** Ancient Chinese Teaching **
- Positive thinking was to translate the notional words, empty words, and sentence patterns of classical Chinese into modern sentences. This method was a conventional teaching process. It was a basic knowledge transfer process to allow students to change from ancient language forms to modern understanding.
- Reverse thinking was to let the students try to "translate" the translated sentences and phrases into classical Chinese. The advantage of this method was that when students were doing reverse translation, they needed to think deeply about the usage and structure of classical Chinese words and sentences. Compared to direct translation, they could remember and understand classical Chinese knowledge more deeply. For example, when students converted modern sentences into classical Chinese, they would have a more accurate grasp of the usage of function words such as "zhi","zhe","ye", and have a deeper understanding of the structure of special sentence structures in classical Chinese such as inverted sentences and omitted sentences.
2. ** Write it down as required **
- Positive thinking training was to put forward relevant requirements and let the students memorize the corresponding ancient poems and famous sentences. This was the traditional way of writing from memory. Through the given requirements, the students 'memory of specific ancient poems and essays was tested.
- Reverse thinking was to first come up with the key sentences of ancient poems and classical Chinese, so that the students could think about which angles to write hints from. Doing so could help students understand the meaning, grammar structure, and context of a sentence from different perspectives. For example, for the poem "The sea sun gives birth to the remnant night, and the river spring enters the old year", when the student wrote the hint, he might think from the perspective of images (the sea sun, the remnant night, the river spring, the old year), artistic conception (the scene of the old and the new alternating), the poet's emotions (the emotion of the passage of time), and so on, so as to deepen the understanding of the poem.
3. ** Review class **
- The process of positive thinking was to organize knowledge, lecture, and train. The first step was to organize the knowledge so that the students could have a systematic review of the content they had learned. Then, they would deepen their understanding of the knowledge points through lectures, and finally, they would practice and consolidate it.
- Reverse thinking was to first set the questions for the pre-test-aiming at those who didn't know how to explain and practice-and finally organize the knowledge to achieve structuralization. This reverse method first found the weak points of the students 'knowledge through the pre-test, then explained and practiced them in a targeted manner, and finally organized the knowledge systematically. This way, he could solve the students 'problems more accurately and improve the review efficiency. He could avoid the situation of repeating the knowledge that the students had already mastered in the positive thinking.
4. ** Practice class will teach questions of different levels **
- Positive thinking was to first explain the basic questions, then the intermediate questions. When the students did not want to listen to the questions most, they would not have time to practice. It was easy to have a situation where the front was loose and the back was tight. That was to say, the simple questions were explained in detail, while the difficult questions did not have time to explain in depth.
- Reverse thinking was to focus time on the most difficult questions in the golden period of a lesson, and the rest of the questions would become practice. This method would put the difficult questions in front of the students and solve the most difficult parts when the students were most focused. It was in line with the sliding learning path from difficult to easy. For example, in some mathematics class exercises, if the problem involved core concepts and solution ideas, solving the problem first would help the students better use the relevant knowledge and skills when doing basic and intermediate questions.
5. ** Students set questions **
- Positive thinking was a traditional teaching method where the teacher would set the questions and the students would do the questions. The teacher would set the questions according to the teaching outline and the knowledge points, and the students would complete the questions according to the requirements to test the learning results.
- Reverse thinking was to let students of the same level set questions, set papers to determine the answers, change papers to test others, or set questions to test teachers. When students set questions, they needed to have a deeper understanding and grasp of the knowledge points. They needed to think about the test points, difficulty, and answer settings from the perspective of the question setter. This method could encourage students to take the initiative to learn knowledge and improve their mastery of knowledge.

6. ** Mind Map Usage **
- Positive thinking was to show how a person thought, using a map, that is, a "guide (change)" map of thinking; drawing a mind map according to textbooks and materials; thinking from the main branch to the branches and details. This method helped students visualize their own thinking process and organize it according to the conventional knowledge structure.
- Reverse thinking was to first look at other people's mind maps to find out the innovative points of thinking, that is, to use the "map" to guide thinking (innovation); to draw a mind map based on recollection; to give the map branches to gradually summarize the main and core words. Using the Mind Map in reverse could allow students to gain inspiration from the results of others 'thinking. Drawing a Mind Map through recollection could test their memory and understanding of knowledge. The method of generalizing from branches to the main trunk could help cultivate students' ability to summarize.
7. ** Unit Teaching **
- Positive thinking was to teach one lesson after another, and then review the structure. This method of teaching progressed according to the order of the course.
- Reverse thinking was to first read the entire guide, then study in class, and then organize the units, which would become the overall structure of the total score. It could also revolve around a certain big concept and be carried out between classes. First, the overall reading guide could allow the students to have a macro understanding of the unit content, clear learning goals and key points, and then carry out specific class learning. Finally, the unit sorting could better systematic the knowledge.

8. ** Essay class **
- Positive thinking was the teacher's guidance first, and the student's writing later. In this way, the student was easily restricted by the teacher's guidance. Their thinking was solidified, and their writing could not jump out of the circle of teacher guidance.
- Reverse thinking was to let students practice writing first without guidance, and then guide them after practice. This way, they could advance from disorderly (low level) to orderly to disorderly (high level) writing. First, the students were allowed to create freely, which could give full play to the students 'imagination and creativity. Then, the teachers would give targeted guidance according to the students' works, which would help improve the students 'writing standards.
9. ** New lesson **
- Positive thinking was to teach first and then learn, either teaching or cooperative learning. This method was mainly based on the teacher's lecture, and the students learned according to the teacher's explanation.
- Reverse thinking was to first double learn (self-study, joint learning), then check how well they learned (demonstration), students who didn't know how to teach first, and finally the teacher would focus on teaching (double lecture). This method encouraged students to learn independently and cooperatively. First, students were allowed to explore the knowledge on their own, and then they would test the results of their learning through demonstration. Students who did not know how to speak first could expose the problem, and finally, the teacher would focus on explaining to solve the key problem.
10. ** Learning goal **
- Positive thinking was to set learning goals in advance, achieve targets, and inform the teacher of the learning goals in class. This was the traditional teaching method. The teacher would set goals according to the curriculum.
- Reverse thinking was to generate a problematic system based on the learning situation (including the questions raised by the students), then generate and adjust the learning goals, and share them to achieve the learning goals. This kind of reverse method could formulate learning goals that were more in line with the students 'needs according to the actual situation of the students, and improve the targeting of teaching.

** 2. Construction **
In a self-built villa project for a cross-country couple, the functional layout adopted reverse thinking.
- Under positive thinking, the bedroom might be arranged upstairs, and the public space such as the living room and dining room would be downstairs.
- However, in this project, the plot of land was slanted on both sides and irregular. It was half a story lower than the surrounding area. The designer used reverse thinking and arranged most of the bedrooms on the ground floor. He also designed a large number of sunken courtyards to obtain sufficient lighting and a quiet resting environment. Placing the public space on the upper level would allow for a larger open area and a better view. This layout method fully considered the special circumstances of the plot and the needs of the owner for space lighting and vision. It was a sharp contrast with the traditional layout method and was a successful application of reverse thinking in building space planning.

** 3. The field of product design (Take the Soconi Victory 22 running shoes as an example)**
- In traditional running shoes design thinking, they might focus on maintaining the basic structure and characteristics of the previous generation to make minor improvements.
- The design of the Soconi Victory 22 running shoes used some reverse thinking. For example, in terms of the material of the midsoles, it was upgraded from Prwrun + to Prwrun PB. This material was mainly used in racing shoes. Sokanni re-tuned this PEBA foam to change the feel of the foot and improve the rebound rate. In addition, running shoes usually prioritized speed-related performance, but the Shengli 22 was equipped with a thick ORTHOLITE-like insoles. Although it affected the agility during speed training to a certain extent, it greatly enhanced the cushion. This was a reverse adjustment from the traditional running shoes design. In terms of the outer sole, it was thickened in consideration of anti-slip and durability. The upper was made of a new and upgraded seamless engineering mesh upper. Although the increased thickness of the upper had a certain impact on the breathability, it improved the wearing comfort. These design adjustments were reverse thinking from the traditional running shoes design concept to meet the needs of different runners for stability, cushion and comfort.
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