Adler's main point

Answer 1

Adler's main points included the following:

** I. Overall view on personality and mental activity **
1. ** Unity of personality theory **
- Human behavior was determined by social forces, and individuals and personalities were an inseparable whole. The whole personality has a purpose and direction. Any activity of a person has a goal, such as the pursuit of superiority, achievement, satisfaction, or self-realization. Each psychological activity is a different performance of the whole personality. To understand psychological activities, one needs to understand the whole personality. The task of individual psychology is to master all the knowledge of personality to understand all psychological activities.
2. ** Teleology **
- In contrast to Freud's " theory of cause," it emphasized the purpose to explain human psychology and behavior, focusing on " where to go " rather than " where to come from." It believed that only by knowing a person's goal could one understand their psychological and behavior trends.

** 2. Concepts related to psychological formation **
1. ** Lifestyle Theory **
- From birth to adulthood, a person's way of dealing with difficulties would gradually be summarized and fixed under the tempering of life, forming a special set of behaviors, known as "lifestyle". Once it was formed, it was difficult to change. At the same time, the concept of " creative self " was related to it. Both of them played an active role in forming a person's personality. A bad " lifestyle " could lead to mental illness.
2. ** Compensating effect **
- Inferiority complex was the original deciding force of human behavior. Physical, mental, or social barriers can cause a person to feel inferior, which in turn leads to a psychological compensation. The correct use of the compensation effect determined whether the personality could develop normally, and the incorrect compensation or "escape" effect could lead to neurosis. For example, the blind from birth used their sense of touch or smell to compensate for the difficulties caused by their vision.
3. ** Birth Order **
- The birth order and status of children in the family had an important influence on the formation of personality. The first child may have a sense of insecurity and hostility and have bad behavior; the second child is good at adapting but has ambition, resistance and jealousy; the youngest child is spoiled and may be accompanied by bad behavior when he grows up. Children in the family all aim to "strive for victory".

** III. Other Important Points on Individual Psychology **
1. ** Inferiority complex and pursuit of superiority **
- Everyone had a sense of inferiority. It was the motivation to work hard and was inseparable from personal efforts. It was also the only way to realize the meaning of life. Inferiority complex could evolve into an inferiority complex, but at a deeper level, it was a manifestation of the pursuit of superiority.
2. ** About troubles and interpersonal relationships **
- All of a person's troubles stemmed from interpersonal relationships. They should separate their projects, not interfere with other people's projects, and guard their own projects well. This would reduce their troubles.
3. ** The meaning of life is cooperation **
- In terms of career and interpersonal relationships, cooperation was important.

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