Analysis of the equilibrium reaction between Bi (NO3) 3 and CH (NO4) 4
Bismuthium nitrates would be significantly decomposed when they met water, forming BiOCl2, which was white and turbid, and was difficult to dissolve in water and generally also difficult to dissolve in sulfuric acid. Read more exciting novels for free
The reaction phenomenon when the equilibrium between Bi (NO3) 3 and the acid is as follows:
Bismuthium nitrates were obviously decomposed when they encountered water, forming BiOCls, which were white and turbid, and were difficult to dissolve in water and generally also difficult to dissolve in sulfuric acid. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reversible reaction equilibrium, the same reaction potential? Why?
In a irreversible reaction, the potential when the reaction reaches equilibrium is called the equilibrium potential. For a irreversible reaction, the equilibrium reaction potential was a specific value under specific conditions. When the irreversible reaction reached equilibrium, the positive and reverse reaction speeds on the pole were equal, and the charge exchange and substance exchange were both in equilibrium. The current potential value was the equilibrium pole potential. This was because in the equilibrium state, the metal became a positive ion and entered the solution at the same speed as the metal ions in the solution deposited on the metal surface. The material migration and charge transport speed in the positive and reverse processes were the same, thus forming a stable potential value. If the reaction is not in an equilibrium state, that is, there is a net reaction, and the opposite reaction on the pole is not equal to the reverse reaction speed, the established pole potential is called an unbalanced potential or an irreversible potential, and its value is different from the equilibrium pole potential. In summary, when a irreversible reaction was in equilibrium, there was a specific equilibrium reaction potential. This was determined by the substance and charge exchange state when the reaction reached equilibrium, which was different from the potential in the non-equilibrium state. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The equilibrium constant affects the reaction rate
There was no direct relationship between the equilibrium constant and the reaction rate. The rate of a chemical reaction was a physical quantity that measured the speed of a chemical reaction. It was mainly affected by the nature of the reagent (internal factors), the concentration of the reagent, temperature, pressure (for reactions involving gases), catalyst, and other conditions (external factors). For example, the reaction rate may increase when the concentration of the reagents increases, the temperature increases, and there is a suitable catalyst. The equilibrium constant was a constant that was the ratio of the product's concentration to the product of the reagent's concentration to the power of the reagent's concentration when the reaction reached equilibrium at a certain temperature. The equilibrium constant reflected the limit of the reaction, that is, the maximum degree that the reaction could reach. It had nothing to do with the concentration (partial pressure) of the various substances in the reaction system, but was only related to the temperature. Although reaction rate and equilibrium constant were both important concepts to describe chemical reactions, they were described in two different aspects: the speed of the reaction and the limit of the reaction. There was no direct causality between the two. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction equilibrium constant of hydrogen and carbon monoxide
For the carbon monoxide-shift reaction, the equilibrium constant expression was: KP=(PCO2 × RH2)/(PCO2 × RH2O)=(YCO2 × YH2)/(YCO2 × YH2O). In this expression, KP represented the equilibrium constant; PCO2, RH2, PCO2, and RH2O represented the equilibrium partial pressure of each component (Pa); YCO2, YH2, YCO, and YH2O represented the equilibrium composition (mole fraction, %) of each component. The equilibrium constant represented the quantity relationship between the product and the reagent of the shift reaction when the reaction reached equilibrium. However, there was not enough information to indicate whether this reaction formula was the equilibrium constant expression of the reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide. If it was the reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide in other reaction systems, the equilibrium constant could not be determined. Therefore, the equilibrium constant of the reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide could not be accurately given based on the existing information. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction of excessive aromatic ring with ch 2 ci 2
If light was used, the main product of the reaction between the two was C6H5CHCl-CH3, because the hydrogen on the carbon directly connected to the aromatic ring was easily replaced. If Lewis acid was used as a catalyst, the main product was p-chloridoxy, because the para-activity of the aromatic ring could be enhanced by the addition of an ether. Under the light, it would react with water to form wax-like dibenzone and hydrogen chloride.The hydrogen chloride-like vapor would cause people to cough. Dichloromethanes react with benz to form cyanomethylated benz or diphethanes. However, there was no more information about the reaction between excessive aromatic ring and cholecystectomy. From a chemical equilibrium point of view, excessive aromatic ring may cause the reaction to move in the direction of producing more products, but the specific situation still needed to be determined according to the actual reaction conditions such as temperature, light, and whether there was a catalyst. At the same time, it was also necessary to consider that while cholecystectomy was relatively stable, under high temperature, high pressure, or light, it would decompose and release toxic Cl2. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Calculating the Bearing Reaction Force with the Equilibrium-equation of Theoretic Mechanics
In theoretical mechanics, when calculating the reaction force of a support in a plane force system: - ** Plane Convergence Force System **: The lines of action of all forces are in the same plane and converge at the same point. The equilibrium equations were as follows: ? Fx = 0 (the projection algebra sum of the x-direction force is zero) and? Fy = 0 (the projection algebra sum of the y-direction force is zero). - ** Plane arbitrary force system **: The lines of action of all forces are in the same plane and do not need to converge at the same point. The equilibrium equations were as follows: <anno data-annotation-id ="0fd11000 - 4c65 - 4c50 - 4c50 - 9c6c9999999"> Fx = 0 </anno>,</anno> Fy = 0, and <anno> Mo = 0 (the force system's moment algebra sum for any point O in the plane is zero). For the space force system, when calculating the reaction force of the support: - ** Space Convergence Force System **: The lines of action of all forces converge at the same point. The equilibrium equations were as follows: ? Fx = 0,? Fy = 0, and? Fz = 0 (the projection algebra sum of the forces in the x, y, and z directions is zero). - [Spatial Force System: No need to converge at the same point.] The equilibrium equations were as follows: ? Fx = 0,? Fy = 0,? Fz = 0,? Mx = 0 (the sum of the moments on the x axis is zero),? My = 0 (the sum of the moments on the y axis is zero), and? Mz = 0 (the sum of the moments on the z axis is zero). The usual steps to find the reaction force of the support were: first, take the separated body (separate the component that needs to find the reaction force of the support from the overall structure), then draw the force analysis diagram (accurately draw all the forces acting on the separated body, including the active force and the reaction force of the support), find the component with the simplest force (to determine the situation where the number of unknown forces is small), and finally calculate the reaction force of the support with the equilibrium equation. For example, for a simply supported beam, the support reaction force can be calculated by using the vertical direction, where the sum of the vertical force is zero. For the hinged point, the support reaction force can be calculated by using the sum of the moment of the hinged point. For hyperstatic structures (such as continuous beams, rigid frames, etc.), the force method or displacement method is needed to calculate. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction equilibrium, temperature or pressure, which has the greatest effect?
The reaction equilibrium was not affected by temperature or pressure. It depended on the specific reaction system. In terms of temperature, increasing the temperature in the thermal reaction would move the equilibrium forward, and decreasing the temperature would move the equilibrium backward. The temperature had a great influence on the reaction rate. Generally, for every 1K increase in temperature, the reaction rate increased by 2 - 6 times. As for the reaction with gas and the number of gas molecules before and after the reaction, the equilibrium moved in the direction of decreasing the number of gas molecules when the pressure increased, and the equilibrium moved in the direction of increasing the number of gas molecules when the pressure decreased. In different reactions, the influence of these two factors depended on the thermal effect of the reaction, the change in the number of gas molecules, and the activation energy of the reaction. For example, for some reactions with high activation energy, a small change in temperature may have a great impact on the equilibrium of the reaction. For reactions with large changes in the number of gas molecules before and after the reaction, the change in pressure may have a more significant impact on the equilibrium. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What is the equilibrium phenomenon of the reaction equation of sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid?
There was no reaction between sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid, so there was no equilibrium of the reaction equation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Why does the volume fraction remain constant and the reaction reaches equilibrium?
Generally speaking, when the volume fraction of each component in the reaction system remained unchanged, the reaction reached equilibrium. This was because in a chemical reaction, as the reaction progressed, the concentration of the reagent would gradually decrease, and the concentration of the product would gradually increase. If the reaction had not reached equilibrium, the concentration of each substance would continue to change, and its volume fraction would also change. When the reaction reached equilibrium, the positive reaction rate was equal to the reverse reaction rate. The concentration of the reagents and products no longer changed, and the volume fraction of each substance remained constant. For example, in the irreversible reaction aA(g)+bB(g)=cC(g), when the reaction is not balanced, the amount of each substance is constantly changing, and the volume fraction is also changing. When the reaction is balanced, the rate at which A and B are converted into C is equal to the rate at which C is decomposed into A and B. The amount of each substance does not change, and the volume fraction does not change. However, it should be noted that the constant volume fraction of a gas alone does not mean that the reaction has reached an equilibrium state. Only when the volume fraction of each gas does not change can it mean that the reaction has reached a chemical equilibrium state. For example, in the synthetic nitrogen reaction N ^(g)+3H ^(g)= 2NH2, the initial volume fraction of N ^is 50%, and its volume fraction may remain at 50% during the reaction, but the reaction may not reach equilibrium because the concentration of each substance may still be changing. Only when the volume fraction of each substance remains unchanged does the reaction reach equilibrium. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Diagram Analysis of Vulcanization Reaction
The principle of rubber curing was to heat a mixture of rubber and sulfur or other curing agents, so that the sulfur reacted with the double bonds in the rubber to form a cross-linked structure. During the operation of the flat-plate curing machine, the hot plate raises the temperature of the rubber compound and causes the rubber molecules to cross-link. Its structure changes from a linear structure to a net-shaped structure. This process can obtain products with certain physical and mechanical properties, but the rubber compound will begin to soften after being heated. At the same time, the moisture and volatile substances in the rubber compound will be vaporized. From a microscopic point of view, the rubber curing system had its own cross-linking mechanism. Peroxides were compounds containing O-O bonds. This peroxidic bond broke down when heated to produce free radical (the breaking of this bond was called homolytic cleavage because the two electrons in the bond were separated). This free radical had a high reaction activity and was the driving force behind the cross-linking of the compound. Peroxides undergo homolytic cleavage, forming two alkoxy free radical, which takes hydrogen atoms from the chain of the compound. The free radical of the two adjacent chains combine to form a carbon-carbon bond, which is an important feature of the cross-linking of peroxides. In these three steps, the one that determined the speed was the homolitic cleavage of the peroxide-based molecules, which usually took a few seconds to a few minutes (thermal dispersion was usually an important factor). After the formation of the highly active free radical, the next step of the reaction could be completed in a few seconds or even less. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>