Tiangong Kaiwu Handwritten News Text Version

Answer 1

The following was a handwritten copy of the contents of the Heavenly Craftsmanship:

** 1. Introduction to Heavenly Creations **

Tiangong Kaiwu was first compiled in the Ming Dynasty in 1637. It was a comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It could be called an encyclopedia. It was divided into three volumes, covering many fields of production, including agriculture, crafts, sugar, salt, machinery, bricks, porcelain, weapons, gunpowder, textile, dyeing, oil extraction, paper making, sulfur, white aluminum, yeast, jewelry, and other production and mining processes.

** 2. Main Chapter Description **

1. ** Is a stamp **
- Focus on planting crops such as rice, wheat, millet, millet, hemp, beans, etc. The planting and irrigation methods of these crops, the use of farming tools, and disaster management were described in detail.
2. ** It's a badge **
- He explained the knowledge related to clothing production. It included the acquisition, types, taboos, and methods of making ready-made clothes. It also mentioned the methods of making dragon robes, cotton clothes, hemp clothes, mink coats, brown felt, and so on.
3. ** Zhang Shi Zhang **
- The emphasis was on the dyeing method of clothes, introducing the production of red, brown, gold, green, cyan, red (may be repeated, according to the original text here), blue, and other colors.
4. ** Quenching Seal **
- It mainly talked about the grinding methods of five grains, such as peeling, water grinding, storage, etc. of wheat and rice, as well as the grinding methods of millet, hemp, beans, etc.
5. ** Make a seal **
- The production method of salt was described, including the introduction of the salt production area and the extraction methods of sea salt, pond salt, well salt, etc.
6. ** Gan Ze Zhang **
- He talked about the method of making sugar, the planting method of sugar cane, the extraction method of sugar cane, and the introduction and extraction method of honey.
7. ** Tao's Seal **
- Regarding the production of porcelain, such as bricks, urns, and white porcelain.
8. ** Smelting Seal **
- It introduced the methods of making metal products, including the making of cauldrons, bells, cauldrons, Buddha statues, cannons, bronze mirrors, copper coins, iron coins, and so on.
9. ** Boat and Car Seal **
- He explained how to make boats and ships, such as boats, water boats, sea boats, miscellaneous boats, carriages, and so on.
10. ** Training Seal **
- He explained forging techniques, such as smelting iron, smelting copper, axe, hoe, saw, plane, chisel, anchor, needle, etc.
11. ** Burning Stone Seal **
- It talked about the processing of ores, such as the production of lime, the acquisition of coal, the extraction of Alum, and the extraction of sulfur.
12. ** ointment seal **
- As for obtaining oil, it included obtaining vegetable oil and animal oil.
13. ** Finishing Seal **
- The paper making method was described, covering the steps from paper material selection to cooking.
14. ** Metal Seal **
- It described the methods of obtaining the main metals at that time, including gold, silver, cinnabar, copper, lead, iron, tin, and so on.
15. ** Excellent Soldier Badge **
- It introduced the production of weapons, such as bows, crossbows, weapons, firearms, three-eyed systems, cannons, and so on.
16. ** Danqing Chapter **
- Explain the production of ink, such as cinnabar, vermilion, ink, etc.
17. ** Qu Tie Seal **
- He talked about the brewing method of wine, from the selection of rice to the entire process of yeast fermentation.
18. ** Pearl Jade Seal **
- It tells about the acquisition and production of jewelry, including clam beads, gems, and jade.

** 3. The significance and value of Heavenly Creations **

1. ** Technology significance **
- It was the world's first work on agricultural and handicraft production inventions, and also a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. There were many inventions and creations in ancient China. In 2016, the History of Natural Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published a total of 88 "Important Scientific and technological inventions and creations in ancient China", most of which were recorded in "Heavenly Creations", such as the Jacker. Jaffers had existed in the Western Han Dynasty. After development, they were recorded in detail in the Heavenly Works. The complete picture and related descriptions reflected the high development of the textile industry at that time. It was the representative of the highest achievements in ancient weaving technology in China. There was also the advanced steel-making process of pouring steel, which was also mentioned in the book.
2. ** Cultural Value **
- There were 123 illustrations in the book. These illustrations were vivid and lifelike, and they were enough to support the reputation of a high-level artist. From the illustrations, one could understand the various states of the market during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The author, Song Yingxing, was praised as "China's Diderot." Although he was limited by the cultural soil of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he still displayed the qualities of an all-rounder scientist. He covered the production methods and technical knowledge of 18 production fields. He also described production and reflected the humane care of noble virtue, such as paying attention to the health problems of farmers and craftsmen in the production process. Although he respected the feudal system to a certain extent due to the limitations of the era, However, it did not affect the importance of his works in cultural history.

** 4. Modern Generation **

Now, the famous director Lu Chuan was directing a dance drama with the theme of "Heavenly Creations." Through the beauty of the stage, clothing, music, video, installation, craftsman, technology, and the earth, it reflected the traditional philosophy of the Chinese nation that adhered to the "Heavenly Works" and "Creation of Things", and displayed the national spirit of China's scientific and technological foundation and self-confidence.

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