Knowledge of cultural relics and appreciation of treasures
The identification of cultural relics was a complicated process that required the involvement of multiple disciplines. The traditional identification of cultural relics was usually carried out by experts with professional knowledge and rich experience. For example, Zhang Rulan was an expert in appraising jade, porcelain, and other miscellaneous items. She also had related works. In formal appraisal activities, such as the appraisal organized by the local cultural relics department, or the public welfare cultural relics appraisal consultation activities organized by the museum (such as the "Public Welfare Treasure Appraisal" activity organized by Weifang City, the "Celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the museum" public welfare cultural relics appraisal consultation activity organized by Shandong Museum, etc.), experts relied on their deep professional knowledge to appraise and value cultural relics. However, with the development of the internet, live appraising became popular. In this kind of live broadcast, fans would take out all kinds of items for the host to appraise. Although the streamer increased the appeal by revealing the story behind the item, the authority of the streamer's appraisal results was questionable. On the one hand, most anchors broadcast live in the name of public treasure appraisal to spread the history and culture of cultural relics, but excessive entertainment may affect the public's correct understanding of cultural relics identification, because identification should be a serious scientific process. On the other hand, online appraisals also faced challenges such as professionalism, authenticity, and supervision. For example, the identity, ability, and experience of anchors lacked effective supervision. Moreover, in the process of the live broadcast of treasure appraisal, there were also scams, such as some scammers selling fake cultural relics through scriptwriting. In addition, there were also platforms like the China Appraisal Portal that provided paid cultural relic identification services. In short, in order to truly identify cultural relics and understand treasure identification, one needed to understand the formal process of cultural relics identification, have professional historical and cultural knowledge, and be wary of the risks in online treasure identification. Read more exciting novels for free
Treasures and cultural relics
There were many kinds of treasures and cultural relics distributed all over the world. In China, there were books related to "Treasures in the Collection of Anhui" published in Anhui. 101 sets of cultural relics from Beijing were exhibited in Athens and returned safely to China. They were exhibited at the China Millennium Monument Art Museum in Beijing. In the Hubei Provincial Museum, a thousand-year-old salted fish carried rich historical and cultural information, allowing people to understand the daily life and eating habits of ancient times. There were many Chinese treasures and cultural relics that had been lost overseas. The British Museum in Britain had more than 23,000 Chinese cultural relics, ranging from stone artifacts from the Neoliths to gold and silver artifacts from the late Qing Dynasty, such as the bronze bird and animal patterned mirror during the Warring States Period and the colorful chicken jar cup during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. One of the treasures of the museum was the Vase of David. There was also the earliest Chinese silk painting, the Admonition Painting of Female History, which was taken away by the Anglo-French coalition forces from the Old Summer Palace, and the most precious wooden printed book in the world, the Diamond Sutra, which contained 13,000 documents from the Dunhuang Sutra Cave. Japan had plundered a large number of Chinese cultural relics. More than 10,000 of the 110,000 pieces on display in the Tokyo National Museum came from China, and 11 of them were known as national treasures, such as the Song Dynasty ceramic tea bowls. The Metropolis Museum of Art in the United States had unique works ranging from Shang and Zhou bronzes to Tang and Song porcelains, paintings, and so on. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts had Yan Liben's Painting of Emperors, and the Ferrier Museum had nearly 30,000 Chinese collections, including Shang and Zhou bronzes. The Jimei Museum in France had about 20,000 Chinese collections. The treasures of the museum were the Chinese bronze elephant statue that was nearly one meter long and the blue glazed white dragon plum vase of the Yuan Dynasty. The Palace of Fountainebleau displayed more than 30,000 Chinese ivory carvings, cloisonné and jade that were taken from the Old Summer Palace. There were also many unique treasures and cultural relics abroad. Ancient Egypt had a bronze cat head with bright eyes, a cat mummy inside a cat-shaped statue, and a toy ball in a child's tomb from 2500 B.C. In the Altaic region of Russia, there was a Scythian warhorse headband based on a goat skull with birds perched on it. In Italy, there were swords of the Holy Roman Empire with portraits of emperors carved on their sheaths, and helmets in the shape of griffins. In Greece, there was a cup in the shape of a donkey's head. At the end of the 16th century, the world's oldest revolver appeared in Nuremberg. These treasures and cultural relics were an important window to understand the history and culture of different regions, the wisdom of the ancients, the way of life, and the process of historical development. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics Appreciation and Collection
The editor's recommendations for Cultural Relics Appreciation and Collection were as follows: Grave Robber's Chronicles series: As a classic grave robbing novel, Grave Robber's Chronicles series attracted a large number of readers with its unique plot and character image. Among them, the appreciation of cultural relics and collection elements run through the entire series, allowing readers to have a deeper understanding of ancient cultural relics and works of art. " Dream of the Red Chamber ": As a classic work of Chinese classical literature," Dream of the Red Chamber " was not only a novel but also a cultural masterpiece. It described the local customs of the Qing Dynasty aristocratic society and involved many cultural relics and works of art. It gave readers a deeper understanding of ancient culture. 3. Ghost Blows Out the Light series: As a novel full of mystery, the Ghost Blows Out the Light series attracted many readers with its grand narrative and unique style. The cultural relics appreciation and collection elements involved in it gave readers a more intuitive understanding of ancient art and cultural relics. 4. Along the River During the Qingming Festival: As an ancient painting with important historical value, Along the River During the Qingming Festival has become one of the treasures of Chinese culture with its vivid pictures and fine descriptions. The descriptions of merchants, street buildings, and characters all involved cultural relics and works of art, allowing readers to have a deeper understanding of ancient culture. The above are some of the recommended works for the appreciation and collection of cultural relics. You can choose the works that suit you according to your interests and reading needs.
Appreciation of 3D cultural relics
The following are some examples related to 3D cultural relics: - Students from Shijingshan District Middle School in Beijing City made 3D models of cultural relics related to the "Forbidden City Six Window" stationery set. They carried out a 3D cultural relic model making activity with the theme of "Seeing the Forbidden City from the Meridian Gate". The group of students locked their eyes on the three-handed six-sided window and made relevant models. - Hebei Museum launched the "Hebo Micro-classroom" column, which had a high-precision three-dimensional model formed by three-dimensional digital technology. The Western Han Dynasty cultural relics carved with double dragons and white jade could be rotated 720 degrees through this technology to enlarge and appreciate details such as patterns and colors. - Huo Yijin, a designer born in the 1980s in Luoyang, designed three pottery works,"Tao Yin," which combined the traditional craftsmanship of clay coiling with 3D printing technology. His inspiration came from the cultural relics unearthed in Erlitou. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Interpretation of cultural relics knowledge
In the old era, cultural relics were collectively referred to as rites, music, and institutions. Now, they were usually regarded as relics and relics left behind by human beings in the process of historical development. They were precious historical and cultural relics of mankind. In terms of value, cultural relics generally had three aspects of value: history, art, and science. Each cultural relic was only called a cultural relic if it had at least one aspect of value. In terms of classification, according to the movement and stillness of the cultural relics, they could be divided into movable cultural relics and immovable cultural relics. Unmovable cultural relics include ancient cultural sites, ancient tombs, ancient buildings, cave temples, stone carvings, murals, important modern historical sites and representative buildings, etc. According to their historical, artistic and scientific value, they can be identified as national key cultural relics protection units, provincial cultural relics protection units, city and county cultural relics protection units, which are mainly divided into six categories: ancient sites, ancient buildings, ancient tombs, cave temples and stone carvings, modern important and representative buildings, and others. Mobile cultural relics include important objects, works of art, documents, manuscripts, books, materials, representative objects, etc. of various eras in history. They are divided into precious cultural relics (also divided into first-class cultural relics, second-class cultural relics, third-class cultural relics) and general cultural relics. According to the classification principle of cultural relics, they can be divided into 31 categories: gold and silver ware, bronze ware, iron ware, pottery, porcelain ware, brick tile, treasure, jade ware, stone carving, lacquer wood bamboo ware, painting, calligraphy, etc. In terms of ownership, all cultural relics left underground, in inland waters and in territorial waters within the territory of the People's Republic of China belong to the state. The protection of cultural relics was very important. If cultural relics were discovered, they had to be handed over according to the regulations. Otherwise, they might face legal penalties such as a fine or even imprisonment. The individual should enhance the awareness of protecting cultural relics, and the society should strengthen supervision to prevent cultural relics from being hidden. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Knowledge of Cultural Relics and Buildings
Cultural relic buildings were a common term for immovable cultural relics. It usually refers to ancient buildings and other buildings related to specific historical periods and cultural backgrounds. They are protected by national laws because of their historical, artistic, and scientific value. China had a special book titled "Cultural Relics Buildings" published, and there was also a special book like "A Compendium of National Important Cultural Relics Buildings" that recorded the national important ancient buildings. In the aspect of the protection of cultural relics buildings, rescue protection was the main focus in the past. With the development of society and the change of protection concept, activation and utilization, protection and utilization gradually became the focus. For example, the 2022 National Cultural Relics Work Conference put forward the 22-word policy of "protection first, strengthen management, excavate value, effectively utilize and make cultural relics live". There are two ways to activate and utilize cultural relics buildings: one is the flexible enabling of functional attributes, including function continuation (such as residential function or public service and commercial extension of original functions), function replacement (mostly replaced with cultural display and commercial), function overlap (partial preservation of original functions and addition of new functions); The second is the diverse exploration of space use. According to the current situation of the building, space restoration, space reorganization, space expansion and other means can be adopted. Moreover, the activation and utilization of cultural relics buildings could not be separated from policy support, economic support, and operation and maintenance. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Silk, national treasures, cultural relics
There were many precious silk relics on the Silk Road, such as: 1. ** Embellished with ruby and covered with gold **: A cultural relic from the 5th to 6th century AD. Unearthed in 1997 in the ancient tomb of Poma, Zhaosu County, Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture. It is 21.4 cm long, 4.3 - 5.8 cm wide, and weighs 66 grams. It is now stored in the Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture museum. One side of the scabbard was decorated with patterns. In the middle, three rows of gemstones were inlaid with fine gold, and rubies were embedded. Between the inlaid gemstones and the edge of the scabbard, patterns such as triangle, diamond, and line were spot-stitched with fine gold beads. 2. ** Gold ring inlaid with ruby **: A cultural relic from the 5th to 6th century AD. It was unearthed in 1997 in the ancient tomb of Boma, Zhaosu County, Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture. The ring is 2.1 cm long and weighs 16.5 grams. It is now stored in the museum of Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture. The surface of the ring is an oval ruby, and the ring holder is made of gold. The ring surface is tightly fastened with the gem on the surface. The ring surface is decorated with two rings of fine gold beads. The two sides of the ring holder are opposite to each other. There is a base inlaid with gems. The original inlaid gems have been lost. 3. ** Beaded Necklace (Tang Dynasty)**: Unearthed from the Washixia Ruins in Ruoqiang County in 1971, now stored in the Museum of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The beaded necklace was composed of 119 beads of different sizes. The beads were round, oval, and polyhedron. The colors were red, yellow, blue, and green. They were bright and beautiful. 4. ** Necklace and Bracelet (Han and Jin Dynasties)**: Unearthed in the old city of Loulan in Ruoqiang County in 1980, now hidden in the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. These two strings of jewelry were made of 70 and 16 beads of different sizes. The materials were agate, colored stone, glass, etc. The colors were blue, green, yellow, cyan, black, gold, etc. The shapes were spherical, cylindrical, rounded square, oval, etc. They were all pierced in the middle for wearing. Glass beads were made by the Roman people and were introduced to China along the Silk Road during the Eastern Han Dynasty. 5. ** Beaded Bracelet (Han)**: Unearthed in 1985 from Baozi East, Baozi Dongxiang, Wensu County, now stored in the Museum of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. There were a total of 19 beads in the shape of a circle, cylinder, oval, cone, stone leaf, and so on. One of the cone-shaped pendants was wrapped in gold foil and had a golden ring. The colors were yellow, dark red, light red, gray, green, and so on. The cylindrical beads were man-made gemstones that had been artificially processed to form patterns. They were called "Eroded Flower Flesh Red Stone Marrow Beads". This process originated from India. 6. ** Bone Bead (Han and Jin Dynasties)**: Unearthed from the Niya site in Minfeng County in 1996, 112 cm long, now hidden in the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This string of bone beads was made up of more than 400 beige bone beads. There was a hole in the middle, and the surface was smooth. The workmanship was exquisite. It should be an ornament on the neck. 7. ** Tiger-patterned round gold medal (5th century B.C. -3rd century B.C.)**: Unearthed from Tomb No. 30, Aragou, Urumqi City, 1977. Now stored in the Museum of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This card is molded with a hammer and a raised tiger pattern. The tiger's posture is very dynamic, and the head, mane, and claw patterns are meticulously carved. 8. ** Tiger gold belt decoration (5th century B.C. -3rd century B.C.)**: Unearthed from Tomb No. 30, Alagou, Urumqi City, 1977, now stored in the Museum of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It was molded and hammered with gold foil. The two tigers opened their mouths and glared at each other, looking like they were about to fight. The shape was unique and the technique was exquisite. There were small holes in the belt, which might be an ornament attached to other leather goods or clothing. 9. ** Bronze Blindfold (Tang Dynasty)**: Unearthed from Tomb 227 of Astana Cemetery in Turpan in 1973, now stored in the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. When unearthed, it was originally placed on the eyes of the deceased. It was punched out of a thin copper sheet. The center of the eye was near the eyeball. The small holes around the eye mask were originally sewn with cotton or silk to protect it. This kind of eye mask could only be seen in Xinjiang. It was a funeral instrument. 10. ** Chinese Wooden Slips (Wei and Jin)**: A total of 7 pieces of different lengths. One of them was written in ink on both sides, while the rest were written in ink on one side. The calligraphy of this batch of Chinese wooden slips included cursive script, running script, regular script, etc. It recorded the names of officials, place names, orders, thin books, etc. It was a precious material for studying the political and military system, social and economic life, and calligraphy art of the Loulan area during the Han and Jin Dynasties and ancient Xinjiang. 11. ** Qiuci Wooden Slips (Eastern Han)**: Qiuci was an ancient country in the Western Regions and an important town on the Silk Road during the Han and Tang Dynasties. The remnant was from the Sui Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, and no ethnic group used this language. In addition, some silk cultural relics such as woven shoes from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (unearthed in Xinjiang), brocade socks from the Tang Dynasty (collected in the Gansu Museum), leather boots from more than 1000 years ago (collected in the Qinghai Tibetan Medicine Culture Museum), and urns from the Northern Dynasty (collected in the Xinjiang Museum) also reflected the cultural exchanges and historical development on the Silk Road to a certain extent. At the same time, silk-related prehistoric, Shang and Han cultural relics unearthed in Hebei, Henan and Shanxi, such as the pottery silkworm pupa unearthed from the Yangshao cultural site in Nanyangzhuang, Hebei Province, the silk relics of the Shang Dynasty unearthed from the Taixi site in Gaocheng, and the silk fragments unearthed from the tomb of Liu Sheng, the Han Zhongshan King in Baoding, were also important witnesses to the development of silk culture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
National Treasures and Cultural Relics Specialist
The following were some of the more well-known experts in the identification of national treasures and cultural relics: - Mr. Ma Chengyuan, known as the "First Person in Bronze Appraisal in China", was the curator of the Shanghai Museum. He started as an ordinary cultural relic enthusiast and published more than 80 bronze works and papers in decades. In the past 50 years of cultural and cultural work, he was not only a representative of the academic school, but also an expert in actual combat, helping the country recover tens of thousands of precious cultural relics. - Sun Yingzhou (1893-1966), a native of Ji County, Hebei Province, was a famous expert in ancient porcelain appraisal. He was a member of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Conference. - Geng Baochang was a famous expert in the identification of cultural relics. He specialized in the study and identification of ancient porcelain. - Chen Wanli (1892-1969) and others. These experts relied on their rich knowledge, experience, and keen insight to play a vital role in the identification, protection, research, and excavation of national treasures. Some of them actively rescued cultural relics from antique markets at home and abroad when cultural relics were at risk of loss; some determined the value and age of cultural relics at the site of archaeological excavation; some found treasures among the people and identified them. However, there were also cases of appraisal errors in the field of cultural relics. For example, some experts made a mistake in the appraisal of the so-called "Golden Silk Jade Clothes" worth 2.4 billion Vietnamese Dong and misjudged the fake as a treasure. This also reflected the complexity and difficulty of the identification of cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Treasures, cultural relics, calligraphy and painting
The following are some of the treasures, cultural relics, paintings, and calligraphy mentioned: - A landscape fan made by Yu Chan during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of the Qing Dynasty. - Du Mu's only semi-cursive poem of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Haohao's Poetry, had been passed down for 1200 years. In modern times, it had experienced many vagaries, from Puyi leaving the palace to the puppet Manchuria, and then to being robbed. It was later bought by Mr. Zhang Boju and finally donated to the Palace Museum in Beijing for free. - Song Huizong's "Poetry, Calligraphy and Painting" three unique authentic works,"Auspicious Crane Painting." - Ming Dynasty's "Pengshan Encounter Carriage Painting", Chen Hongshou's "Three Stars Painting", Ming Xuanzong's "Horse Painting", Chen Chun's "Plum Blossom Narcissus Painting", Xu Wei's "Pomegranate Fruit Painting" and other calligraphy paintings. - Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty painted the Statue of the Pharmacist Buddha, and Xu Gu painted the Painting of Fish Playing (Xu Gu had the reputation of being the first painter in the late Qing Dynasty). - Su Shi's "Bamboo and Stone Painting of Xiaoxiang"(the only copy in China) and "Zhi Ping Tie". - Tang Bohu's "Journey to Mt. Guan", Bada Shanren's works, and Wen Zhengming's "Fengtian Hall Morning Court Poetry". - There were many national treasure-level calligraphy and paintings such as the Five Dynasties 'anonymous "Autumn Forest Herds of Deer", including many calligraphy and painting works from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, such as Fan Kuan's "Autumn Forest Flying Waterfall", Yan Wengui's "Qifeng Ten Thousand Trees", etc.(including more than 80 first-class calligraphy and painting works and more than 30 excellent works from the Song and Yuan Dynasties). - The Painting of the Seven Sages by the famous modern painter Li Keran (there was a dispute over its identification). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Restore national treasures and cultural relics
Kaifeng national treasures and cultural relics
Kaifeng had many national treasures and cultural relics, such as the Kaifeng Museum's "Kaifeng Mansion Inscription" stele. It was a national first-class cultural relic. It was discovered earlier in China and recorded the most names of local officials. It recorded in detail the names, official positions, and dates of appointment of the 183 highest administrative officers of Kaifeng Prefecture during the 146 years of the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1992, the 69 cultural relics stolen in the 918 cultural relics theft case in Kaifeng were also national treasures. These cultural relics were worth more than 100 million yuan, including 59 first-class and second-class cultural relics, as well as four extremely precious blue and white porcelain. In addition, among the new precious cultural relics in Kaifeng City, the Wei and Jin pottery chicken collected by the Tongxu County Cultural Relics Management Office was upgraded from a third-level cultural relic to a second-level cultural relic due to its unique historical value and research value. It was also a relatively precious cultural relic. At the same time, the collection of cultural relics also has the Warring States period Ma Biao, Ma Xian, Qing Guangxu miniature "Five Classics Complete Note" and other third-level cultural relics. There was also the Tang Dynasty yellow glazed twisted body porcelain pillow. The twisted body technique was precious, and this porcelain pillow was also a rare treasure. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>