The Historical Changes of Small Islands in Southeast Asia

Answer 1

The historical changes of the small islands in Southeast Asia were a complicated process that covered many aspects:

** I. The Development of Ancient Humans and Nations **
1. ** The Existence and Evolution of Ancient Humans **
- Dwarf human bones were found in the Callao Cave on Luzon Island in the northern part of the philippines. They were identified as Luzon people, which belonged to the late Pleistocene era, just like the Flores people on Flores Island in Indonesia. The Middle Pleistocene stone tools unearthed at another site in the Kagayan Valley indicated that ancient humans might have appeared on Luzon Island as early as 700,000 years ago.
- Javan Homo Erectus arrived in Southeast Asia 1.3 million years ago and disappeared at the Angdong site in the Sauron Valley 100,000 years ago. Based on the molecular clock calculations made by comparing the genomes of the Negritos and Papuans, the time when Homo Sizo arrived in Southeast Asia was between 64,000 and 45,000 years ago. The teeth of Homo Sizo Sizo unearthed from the caves in Sumatra were indirectly dated between 73,000 and 63,000 years ago. The Neglito people in the Pacific Islands had absorbed more Denizovan blood than the Neglito people in other places. The remains of human bones in the middle of the Holothene in Xiaomadong, southeast of Taiwan Island, confirmed that the Neglito people lived here before the arrival of the Neoliths in southern China.
2. ** The migration and origin of the southern island language group **
- Some scholars had found that there was an origin relationship between the South Island language family and the southeast coastal area of China through language and archaeological discoveries. For example, the words in Fuzhou dialect had corresponding roots in the South Island language family, and the pottery unearthed in Fujian and other places was similar to the pottery of the South Island language family. In 2010, six descendants of the South Island language group set off from Polynesia and drove an antique canoe. After 116 days, they arrived in Fujian, China, to find their roots. Their route passed through the South Pacific region (such as Tahith in French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Niue, etc.), Oceania (Papua New Guinea), Southeast Asia (Myanmar, the Republic of Korea, etc.), and finally arrived in Fujian, China. The Pingtan Keqiutou site in Fujian was considered one of the important origins of the maritime migration of the South Island language.

** 2. Changes in the country and politics **
1. ** Vietnam's Nguyen Dynasty unification and colonial influence **
- In Southeast Asia, Vietnam was the first to rise. Vietnam's history had gone through many dynasties. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Li Dynasty was established in 1009. Later, the Nguyen Dynasty rose in the south and incorporated the central and northern forces. From 1802 to 1945, the Nguyen Dynasty unified the long and narrow land of Vietnam for the first time. The territory of modern Vietnam was basically determined at that time, and the name "Vietnam" was born at that time. In the 1840s, Vietnam became a French colony, but the Nguyen Dynasty maintained its political independence until 1945.
2. ** International relations reflected by the changes in the way countries address China **
- In the Nanyang archipelago, the name of China was influenced by the colonial era. For example, Zhen in Cambodia, Tsina in the mouth of the filipinos, and Xina in East Timor were the translation of similar words in French, Spanish, and Portugal respectively. Malaysia and Bruneian were referred to as China in English. Influenced by Japan, there were two appellations, Cina and Tiongwok, in Indonesia. Before the Eastern and Western influences seeped into China, the term "Tang" was commonly used by the Nanyang countries. Countries in the Indo-China Peninsula, such as Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos, also had different names for China. Myanmar once used "Miaoxiang" and "Deyou" to refer to China's relevant regions or dynasties. Thailand and Laos also had two names for China. These names reflected the international relations in different periods and the understanding of China by various countries.

** 3. Cultural development **
- On the limestone walls of the South Sulawesi Rock Mansion in Vietnam, there were exquisite paleolith rock paintings. This was an important discovery in the culture of the Southeast Asian island.
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