Diagram of the reverse flight principle of the drone's wings
For a multi-roter drone, taking a quadrocopter as an example, the two adjacent propellers rotated in opposite directions. For example, the propellers M1 and M3 rotated counterclockwise, and the propellers M2 and M4 rotated clockwise. This was based on the principle that when flying, the counter-clockwise reaction force (reaction moment) generated by M2 and M4 and the clockwise reaction force (reaction moment) generated by M1 and M3 offset each other, thus maintaining the stability of the aircraft. When the two sets of wings rotated in opposite directions, the total power of the drone was zero. Angular power was dependent on the speed of the rotating blades. The value of angular power was similar to the value of linear power. It could be calculated by multiplying the angular velocity by the moment of inertia. The diagram was usually presented as follows: the triangular red arrow indicated the direction of the aircraft's nose, the direction of rotation of the propellers M1 and M3 was counterclockwise, and the direction of rotation of the propellers M2 and M4 was clockwise. When describing the principle of the drone's forward and backward flight and in-place rotation, it also involved the layout of the direction of rotation of the helicopter. For example, when rotating on the spot, it could be achieved by increasing the speed of the two clockwise rotating motor M2 and M4, and reducing the speed of the two counterclockwise rotating motor M1 and M3, using the reverse moment. During vertical take-off and landing, the four rotators accelerated the rotation at the same time to increase the lift of the aircraft, while reducing the speed of the aircraft. During flight, the speed of multiple propellers could be controlled to achieve front, back, left, right or rotating flight. Read more exciting novels for free
What is the principle of the reverse flight of the drone's wings?
The two adjacent propellers of the multi-roter drone rotated in opposite directions. For example, the propellers M1 and M3 rotated counterclockwise, and the propellers M2 and M4 rotated clockwise. According to Newton's third law, the rotating blades would exert a reaction force (counterforce) on the motor, causing the motor to rotate in the opposite direction. In order to prevent the aircraft from spinning, the two adjacent propellers of the four propellers rotated in opposite directions. In this way, the counter-clockwise reaction force (anti-moment) generated by M2 and M4 and the clockwise reaction force (anti-moment) generated by M1 and M3 offset each other, and the aircraft body could remain stable. Furthermore, the multi-axis aircraft's front, back, left, right, or rotating flight was achieved by the speed control of multiple propellers. For example, when the M2 and M4 two clockwise rotating motor speeds increased, and the M1 and M3 two counterclockwise rotating motor speeds decreased, the aircraft could rotate on the spot. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What are the reasons for the reverse flight of the drone's wings?
The reverse flight of the drone wings (presumably caused by the reverse rotation of the propeller) may be caused by the following reasons: 1. Control system failure: This may cause the drone to fail to receive and execute instructions correctly, causing the propeller to rotate in the wrong direction, resulting in a reverse flight. 2. "The problem with the sensor: If the sensor is unable to accurately sense the surrounding environment, it may mistakenly control the direction of rotation of the propeller, resulting in reverse flight. 3. Low battery: Low battery may cause the drone to be unable to maintain normal flight balance, affecting the control of the propeller, and thus reverse flight. 4. Unbalanced center of gravity or damaged flight components: This may cause the drone's flight attitude to be abnormal, affecting the working state of the propeller, causing it to fly in the opposite direction. 5. Wrong propeller installation: For example, if the propeller is installed upside down or the propeller speed is inconsistent, it may cause the drone to fly in the opposite direction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The principle diagram of the motor's forward and reverse rotation swing
The principle of the three-phase induction motor's forward and reverse swing: The three-phase induction motor has three-phase winding, and the voltage of each phase winding is 120° different. When three-phase symmetrical alternating current is introduced into the three-phase winding of the stators, a rotating magnetic field is generated, and an induced current is generated by cutting the winding of the rotators. Under the effect of the rotating magnetic field of the stators, the conductor of the current carrying rotators generate electromagnetic force to form an electromagnetic moment to drive the motor to rotate, and the direction of rotation of the motor is the same as the direction of the rotating magnetic field. To achieve positive and reverse control, you only need to switch any two phases in the power supply phase sequence (such as keeping phase B unchanged and switching phase A and phase C), and make the connection on the top port of the contactors consistent, and phase adjust the lower port of the contactors. For the single-phase motor, the principle of positive and negative rotation swing: Single-phase motor is generally powered by single-phase AC power supply (AC220V). There are two-phase winding on the stators, and the rotor-type is ordinary squirrel cage. The starting winding is added to the stators. The starting winding and the main winding are separated by 90° in space. The starting winding is connected in series with a suitable capacity, so that the current of the starting winding and the main winding are separated by approximately 90° in phase, thereby generating a rotating magnetic field to make the rotor-to-start operation automatically. When the direction of rotation needs to be changed, the L wire ends of the main and auxiliary winding can be reversed to realize reverse operation. In terms of the motor reverse rotation control circuit schematics: - In the relay control circuit, such as the three-phase induction motor forward and reverse control circuit, KM1 and KM2 are AC contactors that control forward and reverse operation respectively. Two start-stop protection circuits are used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor respectively. When the forward rotation start button is pressed, the corresponding contactors coil is energized and the motor is rotated forward. The forward and reverse contactors will not be energized at the same time through the interlocked (including the interlocked contact of the normally closed contact of the contactors and the interlocked button). It was the same for reversal. - In the control system of the PC, the external connection diagram and the ladder diagram achieved similar functions. There was also a start-stop circuit to control the positive and negative rotation, and there were interlocked measures to prevent simultaneous output. In addition, in order to avoid the instantaneous short-circuit fault caused by the delay of the induction, the delay during the forward and reverse switching can be used (but it will increase the programming workload and cannot solve all short-circuit accidents). At the same time, in order to prevent the three-phase power short-circuit accident caused by the electric arc fusion welding when the main contact of the contactors is cut off due to the excessive current of the main circuit or the quality of the contactors, a hardware interlocked circuit composed of the auxiliary normally closed contacts of the contactors should be set outside the PC. The thermal relay was used for overload protection. The thermal relay with different reset functions (manual reset or automatic reset) had different contact connection methods. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Basic Principle of Fishbone Diagram
The basic principle of the fishbone diagram was to point at a problem (the fish head), list the major cause of the problem (the main body of the fish bone), and then continue to dig deeper from the major cause to list the medium cause (the fishbone) of each major cause. Then, dig out the small cause (the small fishbone), and analyze it layer by layer until you find a solution to the problem or the steps to take.
The principle diagram of the reflective sensor
The principle diagram of the reflective sensor isn't that complicated. Let me explain it to you. Generally speaking, it had a light-emitting component and a receiving component. The light-emitting component would emit light, and the light would shoot towards the target object. When the light touched the target object, it would be reflected back and then captured by the receiver. If the target object was close or the surface was reflective, the reflected light would be stronger; if the target object was far away or the surface absorbed light, the reflected light would be weaker. When the receiving component receives different intensity of reflected light, it will produce corresponding electrical signal changes. Through the analysis and processing of this electrical signal, it can determine some characteristics of the target object, such as distance, existence, and so on. This was the general situation of the reflective photo sensor. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Working principle of agricultural plant protection drone
Biological cell working principle diagram
The working principle of cells involved many aspects: ** I. Basic structure and function of cells ** 1. ** Cell membrane ** - [Constitution: Mainly composed of the Phospholide Bilayers, protein, and sugar.] - Function: It is the control "checkpoint" for substances entering and leaving the cell. Through its structural characteristics of mobility and imbalance, it can achieve functions such as information exchange between cells and cell recognition. According to the number of layers of the membrane, it could be divided into different types such as single-layer membrane, double-layer membrane, and three-layer membrane. 2. ** Nucleus ** - The nucleus was the control center of the cell, storing and replicating genetic information. It exchanged substances and information with the cell through the nuclear pore and played a key role in the process of cell division and division. Chromatin in the nucleus was composed of DNA and protein. 3. ** Cell plasma ** - The plasma was a translucent, jelly-like substance in the cell that was composed of water, mineral salt, fat, sugar, and so on. It contained a variety of organelle, such as mitochondria, plastids, the plasmatic reticule, and the Golgi apparatus, each of which had different functions. For example, mitochondria and plastids were involved in energy conversion, the plastids stored and processed protein, the Golgi apparatus was involved in the synthesis and transportation of secreted protein, and the lysomes decomposed aging organelle and foreign microorganisms. The cell skeleton in the cell was composed of protein fibers, which maintained the cell's shape and internal structure. It also participated in life activities such as cell movement and division. The plasma was the main place for cells to carry out metabolism. Many of the membranes and reaction systems could decompose nutrients to release energy and discharge waste products. ** 2. Principles related to cell functions ** 1. ** Material Exchange ** - The plasma membrane controls the entry and exit of substances into the cell. The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis and transportation of secreted protein. The lysomes decompose related substances to complete the exchange, processing, transportation, and decomposition of substances inside and outside the cell. 2. ** Energy Conversion ** - The cells convert chemical energy into the chemical energy in the ATP-like substance through the process of oxyphosphoridation. Mitochondria and the plastids are important places for energy conversion. During photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy also occurred in the cells. 3. ** Information Transfer ** - The signaling pathway in cells could transmit information to the nucleus to affect gene expression. This process was crucial for cell growth, development, and division. The cells transmit information through signal molecules, and the receptor on the cell membrane recognizes the signal molecules and sends the information into the cell. ** 3. Metabolic principles of cells ** 1. ** Material synthesis ** - The cells synthesize simple substances into complex substances, such as sugar, fat, protein, etc., through the action of the enzyme. The synthesis process required energy and material input, and the synthesized product was important for cell growth and function. 2. ** Matter breakdown ** - The cell uses the protein to break down large molecules into small molecules, such as glucose into methyruvate. The decomposition process may consume oxygen or water, and produce waste products such as carbon dioxide or ureas. The decomposition products can participate in other chemical reactions and release energy for cells to use. The material cycle covered the synthesis, decomposition, and energy conversion of substances. It was regulated by many kinds of membranes in cells and was closely related to cell structure and function. ** 4. Principle of Cell Division and Reproduction ** 1. ** Mitosis ** - This was a type of cell division, which involved the formation of the Spindle and the replication of the Chromosome. It included interphase, prophase, midphase, anaphase, and telophase. Its significance was to maintain the normal growth and development of the organism, maintain genetic stability, and be affected by genetic materials, cell cycles, environmental factors, and so on. 2. ** Amitosis ** - During the division process, there were no spindle-like fibers and embryos. The speed was fast and the genetic material did not undergo reorganization or cross-exchange. For example, the red blood cells of frogs and some protozoa underwent mitosis, which played an important role in the growth and development of organisms and tissue repair. 3. ** Meiosis ** - The number of embryos would be halved after the cells split twice. The reproductive cells (gametes) would be produced to ensure the stability and variety of the species 'inheritance. It also included the Interphase, Early Phase, Middle Phase, Late Phase, and Late Phase. ** 5. Principle of Cell Inheritance and Mutation ** - DNA replication was the basis of cell division and reproduction. During this process, DNA Polymerase catalyze the synthesis of base pairs to ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Genetic information was transmitted to the next generation of cells through DNA replication to maintain the genetic continuity of the organism. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
A simple explanation of the flight principle of an airplane
Airplane flight was mainly based on the following principles: 1. ** Creating lift ** - For an ordinary airplane, the shape of the wings was designed to cause the air to flow at different speeds across the upper and lower surfaces of the wings. According to the Bernoullian principle, the greater the flow rate of the fluid, the lower the pressure. The upper surface of the wing was usually curved, so the air flow was fast and the pressure was small. The lower surface was flat, so the air flow was slow and the pressure was strong, thus creating an upward pressure difference, which was the lift force. In addition, the lift was also related to factors such as the angle of attack (the angle between the wing chord and the relative airflow speed). - For helicopters, the large propellers stirred the air to generate lift when they rotated. When the lift was greater than the helicopter's own weight, the helicopter could take off, and the height could be adjusted by changing the speed of the propeller in flight. 2. ** Obtained Thrust Force ** - The aircraft could obtain forward thrust through the engine. A common type of engine, such as a piston-type engine (such as the early star engine), produced forward traction by driving the propeller to rotate. The turbine jet engine was a high-speed air compression engine. The air was compressed by the high-speed operation of the air intake. The combustion chamber sprayed oil and burned it. The gas rushed back to the turbine, which drove the air compression engine. The gas flow was ejected from the spout to generate thrust. Turbofan engines (turbine-fan engines) had two internal and external bypass passages. The ratio of the air flow rate of the external bypass passage to the internal bypass passage was the bypass ratio. The larger the bypass ratio, the more fuel efficient it was. It was widely used in aircraft flying at subsonic speeds such as passenger planes. Its main thrust could come from the air ejected backward at high speed from the external bypass passage. The turbine prop-jet engine was similar to the turbine jet engine, which was connected to a decelerator and drove an external propeller. It was mostly used in small or low-speed subsonic aircraft, but there were exceptions. There was also a propfan engine. There was no decelerator, and the propeller had a high speed. The fuel efficiency was further improved, but it was noisy. Turboshaft engines transmit power through a shaft and are used in helicopters. 3. ** Controlling the flying posture ** - The aircraft had three axes of motion: pitch, roll, and yawing. The roll was controlled by the ailerons, the pitch was controlled by the elevators, and the yawing was controlled by the rudders. - If the helicopter only had the main propeller rotating, the body would rotate according to the conservation of momentum. Therefore, the small propeller on the side of the tail of the helicopter was used to prevent the body from rotating, so that the helicopter could turn left, turn right, or maintain a stable course. 4. ** Maintain center of gravity and balance **: The position of the aircraft's center of gravity needs to be reasonably distributed to ensure balance and stability during flight. Different types of aircraft structures and arrangements were designed with the center of gravity and balance in mind. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
How to adjust the reverse rotation of the drone propeller?
If the motor's connection was reversed and caused the propeller to rotate, it would be fine to replace the connection. At the same time, they had to check if the propeller had been removed. Each propeller had a fixed position. Because the shape of the propeller was different, there was a reverse direction. They could change the position of the propeller and try again. They also had to check if the blades were installed in the opposite direction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The principle diagram of the goose fish copper lamp
The Yanyu copper lamp was mainly composed of the head and neck of the goose, the body of the goose, the lamp plate, and the lamp cover. The principle was as follows: the goose neck and the goose body were connected by the mother-son mouth, and the fish body, the goose neck, and the body cavity were hollow and connected. When the lights were lit inside the fish, the smoke and exhaust gas would rise to the goose's neck and then be guided into the goose's body using the siphoning principle. Before lighting the copper lamp, the ancients would put some water into the belly of the wild goose (the body cavity of the lamp). After the smoke and exhaust gas produced after the lamp was lit entered the body of the wild goose, it would be diluted by the water to reduce or eliminate the pollution of indoor air, thus achieving environmental protection. One side of the lamp plate was attached with a lamp handle to control the lamp plate to rotate back and forth. There were two straight wall rings in the circular lamp plate. One straight wall ring was fixedly connected with the lamp plate in the form of a mother and son mouth, and the other straight wall ring was connected with two curved plates to form a lampshade that could be opened and closed left and right. It could not only block the wind, but also adjust the illumination of the light. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!