The Development and Present Situation of Intelligent Control of Continuous Exothermic Reaction Kettle
In the chemical production process, the temperature of the reactor had a serious impact on the production quality of chemical products, so the intelligent control of temperature was crucial to production. For the temperature control of the reaction kettle, the conventional single-loop pid adjustment was suitable for simple situations. It included the controlled object (reaction kettle), the detection and transmission device (thermocouples or thermal resistance), the control device (DPS), and the executive adjustment mechanism (regulating valve). For example, when the temperature of the reactor did not reach the set value, the hot water intake valve was opened wide, and when it reached the set temperature, it was closed to maintain the temperature. However, for a relatively complicated reaction process such as a continuous exothermic reactor (such as heating up the reaction first, releasing a large amount of heat after the reaction starts, and cooling down to make the reaction proceed smoothly), simple PID control was difficult to meet the requirements. At present, there were many research results on the temperature control of the reactor (including the continuous exothermic reactor) at home and abroad. There are many ways to improve on the basis of the PID control: 1. Some scholars combined the prediction model with the PID control and proposed the output prediction PID controller to compensate the lag problem. 2. There were also methods to combine double cross limiting with PID, or to combine the inner membrane control IMC with PID to improve the control effect. 3. Furthermore, the fuzzy PID control algorithm was designed by combining PID and fuzzy ideas, which was superior to the general PID algorithm in response, overshooting and tracking performance. Based on expert experience and rules, fuzzy control was suitable for non-linear and lagging complex systems. However, it was easy to cause oscillations when used alone, so it was often combined with other algorithms to improve. For example, it could be combined with PID control to meet the requirements of large inertia molten salt temperature control system, or applied to furnace temperature control, air conditioning control to improve control accuracy, etc. By predicting the future state of the controlled object in advance, the prediction control can solve the control problem of the lagging system. There are many kinds of prediction control algorithms, such as combining fuzzy and prediction ideas to design fuzzy prediction controller to solve the temperature control problem of gas phase equipment; proposing a new type of general prediction control algorithm (AM-GC) to solve the problem of large lag, large inertia and time-varying in temperature control; combining grey prediction and PID to improve the traditional control method of large lag system. In addition to the above methods, there were also Smith prediction control, neural network control, self-adapting control, and a class of advanced optimization algorithms (such as particle swarm, ant colony, etc.) combined with the above methods. Although the Smith Predictor Control had a simple structure, it was too dependent on the system model and was sensitive. The neural network was a multi-disciplinary field of technology, not a specialized control algorithm. In short, the intelligent control of the continuous exothermic reactor process was constantly developing, and the research and combination of various control methods were constantly improving the temperature control of the reactor. Read more exciting novels for free
Reaction kettle temperature control machine
The reaction kettle custom mold temperature control machine was a temperature control machine carefully developed to meet the production needs of the reaction kettle. From the working principle, it raised the temperature of the heat-conducting oil through the heating device, and used the circulating pump to promote the liquid-phase circulation of the heat-conducting oil. The heat-conducting oil heated up steadily in the form of stacking, and finally met the process requirements. It was different from the traditional reaction kettle electric heater. The traditional method was to insert an electric heat pipe into the reaction kettle jacket to heat up the heat transfer oil. Because the heat transfer oil did not circulate, there would be problems of local overheating and inaccurate temperature control. The custom mold temperature control machine was more accurate. It had many advantages in terms of structure and performance. The heater is easy to install and does not affect the safety of the tank. Its size is only about half of the overall size of the U-shaped tube heat exchange. It can assist the system in venting and dehydration, isolate the contact between the heat-conducting oil and the air, and reduce the loss of heat-conducting oil. There is an oil storage tank, which is used to store the heat-conducting oil in the heating system and drain the heat-conducting oil in the system when necessary. The oil storage tank should be installed at the highest point of the heating system. According to the different heat transfer media, it can be divided into two types: water type and oil type. For occasions where two different temperatures need to be controlled at the same time, the dual-temperature reaction kettle custom-made mold temperature machine is the ideal choice. It is equipped with two independent control systems. In a production environment that requires high temperature control accuracy, a temperature sensor can be installed inside the mold and set on the control panel to ensure that the displayed temperature is consistent with the mold temperature. In the chemical industry, the reaction kettle custom mold temperature machine could improve the product molding efficiency, reduce the generation of defective products, improve the product appearance quality, suppress product defects, speed up production progress, and effectively reduce energy consumption. In terms of temperature control performance, it had the advantages of a large temperature control range, good thermal stability, and fast temperature rise and fall. It could also quickly raise and lower the temperature of the reaction kettle, which was very suitable for the temperature change of the production process. For example, in some medical research situations, because of its small size, convenient installation, and special temperature control method (such as cascaded control that can effectively control the temperature balance of the reactor), it is suitable for situations where the temperature of the reactor is high and needs to be stabilized. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Continuous kettle reactor maintenance
Why is the Aluminiothermic Reaction so Exothermic?
Aluminiothermic reaction was a kind of oxide-reduction reaction between aluminum and metal or non-metal compounds at high temperatures. In this reaction, aluminum was converted from a simple substance to aluminum dioxide. The aluminum atoms lost their electrons and were oxided, while the metal ions in the metal dioxide were reduced by gaining electrons. This kind of oxidoreduction reaction involved the breaking and formation of chemical bonds. When aluminum atoms combined with oxygen atoms to form aluminum dioxide, they would release a large amount of energy, which would result in intense heat release. Moreover, aluminum was relatively active and easy to lose electrons. Once the reaction was triggered, it could be carried out quickly and continuously, allowing a large amount of heat to be released in a concentrated manner. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Industrial reaction kettle
Industrial reactors can be divided into three types according to their structural forms: open (open), closed (closed), and semi-open and semi-closed; according to the heat transfer method, they can be divided into external circulation type, internal circulation type, and direct flow type; according to the heating medium, they can be divided into water-cooled, oil-cooled, and air-cooled jacket heating types. The materials of the reactor were carbon steel, stainless steel, and so on. The process includes putting the materials into the stirring tank for heating and stirring. After reaching the set temperature, close the feeding valve and then open the discharge valve. The materials transfer heat to the cooling tank through the heat exchange and then enter the splitter. The magnetic stirring rod in the splitter is used to clarify the liquid phase. After the liquid phase is filtered, it enters the measuring tank and then is recycled through the return pipe. The concentrated solid particles are processed. When cleaning, open the discharge valve and wash with a high-pressure pump. After checking that there is no problem, it can be put into use. If you need more information about industrial reactors, you can further consult the relevant information. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Exothermic means what heat is generated by the reaction
In an exothermic reaction, the total energy of the reagent was greater than the total energy of the product. During the reaction process, a portion of the energy would be converted into heat and released. Therefore, the reagent did not generate heat, but the energy of the reagent itself was converted into heat and released during the reaction process. This was because the essence of a chemical reaction was the breaking of old chemical bonds and the formation of new chemical bonds. The breaking of old chemical bonds absorbed energy, while the formation of new chemical bonds released energy. When the energy released by the formation of new chemical bonds was greater than the energy absorbed by the breaking of old chemical bonds, the excess energy was released in the form of heat, which was expressed as an regenerative reaction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Kettle, Enamel Kettle, Stainless Steel Kettle, Storage Tank
The reaction kettle was a type of pressure vessel used to complete the processes of sulfidification, nitration, dehydration, dehydration, condensation, and so on. Commonly seen were porcelain reaction kettles and stainless steel reaction kettles. The porcelain reactor was made of carbon steel. A layer of porcelain was burned on the surface of the contact material. The anti-corrosion ability of the porcelain layer was used to isolate the contact between the material and the carbon steel to protect the reactor body from corrosion. The temperature of the material could not exceed 200 degrees Celsius. If the temperature was too high, it would cause the glaze layer to melt. It was an open structure. The upper head and the kettle body were connected by a flange-like connection and filled with an anti-corrosion sealing mat. The pressure that could be maintained in the kettle did not exceed 4 kg. It is suitable for corrosive materials. The stainless steel reactor was made of stainless steel. According to the requirements of the material, it could be equipped with heating, cooling, high pressure, vacuum and other functions. The material temperature could reach 400 degrees Celsius, and the kettle could maintain a pressure of tens of kilograms or even hundreds of kilograms, but its corrosion resistance was worse than that of the porcelain reactor. However, the information provided by the storage tank did not include detailed information about the comparison of the reactor functions with the porcelain kettle and the stainless steel kettle. It was impossible to give detailed information under the same logic as the former two. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Disperse dye reaction kettle
A reaction kettle used for producing heat-resistant disperse dye includes a reaction kettle shell, the side wall of the reaction kettle shell is provided with a cylindrical temperature control cavity, the upper end of the temperature control cavity is communicated with a liquid injection pipe, the lower end of the temperature control cavity is communicated with a liquid discharge pipe, and the liquid injection pipe and the liquid discharge pipe are fixedly connected with the reaction kettle shell. The temperature control cavity is provided with a number of evenly distributed control devices, which include two protruding pieces, an intercepting cylinder, a sealing block and a gear. The protruding piece is fixed on the side wall of the inner cavity of the shell of the reaction kettle; the intercepting cylinder and the sealing block are arranged in the inner cavity of the temperature control chamber; the lower end of the sealing block extends into the intercepting cylinder; the upper end of the sealing block is connected with a gear; the gear is positioned in a cuboid-shaped groove arranged on the side wall of the temperature control chamber; one end of the gear is in transmission connection with a transmission rod; one end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected with a handle; the other end of the transmission rod extends into the side wall of the reaction kettle; and the handle is positioned outside the reaction kettle. The intercepting cylinder is cylindrical and is provided with a number of uniformly arranged diffusing pipe cavities; the lower end of the sealing block runs through the diffusing pipe cavities; the sealing block is cylindrical and is uniformly provided with prism-shaped protruding teeth on the outer wall; and the protruding teeth of the sealing block are engaged and connected with the gear. The intercepting cylinder is provided with a cylindrical groove and is communicated with the diffusing pipe cavity; the diffusing pipe cavity runs through the cylindrical groove; the lower end of the cylinder of the sealing block extends into the cylindrical groove of the intercepting cylinder; and the outer wall of the sealing block and the inner wall of the cylindrical groove of the intercepting cylinder are both in threaded connection. In addition, the dye reaction kettle and the dye dispersing kettle are used in the paint, coating, oil, chemical, rubber, pesticide, dye, medicine, food and other industries to complete the operation of stirring, dissolving and dispersing, and color matching. It has the functions of low-speed strong stirring and high-speed dispersing. It has good adaptability to medium and high-viscous and thixophic materials. Stirring and dispersing can be carried out at the same time. The stirring forms are generally anchor type, paddle type, turbine type, propeller type or frame type. When the stirring device is relatively large in height and diameter, multi-layer stirring blades can be used, and it can also be selected according to the user's requirements. Moreover, a jacket can be set outside the kettle wall, or a heat exchange surface can be set inside the vessel, and heat exchange can also be carried out through external circulation. The low-speed stirrers in the multi-functional reactor are usually of the frame type, paddle type, and frame anchor type. The stirring speed range is 0 - 130r/min. It is mainly used for the initial stirring of materials to prepare for the subsequent process of dispersing and vaporizing. The outer edge of the multi-functional stirring can be equipped with scraping plates to achieve uniform stirring without dead ends. The dispersing disc of the high-speed dispersing device is sawtooth-shaped. When rotating at a high speed, it forms a strong turbulent zone. The pulp layers with different flow rates diffuse each other to achieve the purpose of rapid dispersion. The speed of the dispersing shaft can be adjusted from 0 to 1200r/min. Butterfly stirring blades can also be installed, which is conducive to the mutual dissolving of viscous materials during the stirring process. Through the cooperation of the fast-moving rotating rotating motor and the precise motor, the kneading machine head can produce powerful hydraulic cutting, squeezing, cutting and other functions to achieve the purpose of uniform kneading. In actual production applications, the electrical control box can control the low-speed stirring device, high-speed dispersing device, and kneading machine separately or in combination to meet the requirements of different production processes and ensure that the product performance meets the standards. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction kettle reconstruction construction plan
The following are some common construction plans for the reactor: ** I. Electromagnetic heating modification plan for the reactor ** 1. ** Power calculation and selection ** - First of all, the known conditions must be clear, such as the material, size (diameter, height, thickness, etc.), weight, effective volume, material weight, material mixing heat, heating temperature requirements, time requirements, etc. - According to the heat calculation formula,[Q = cm/Delta t+km](where [c] is the specific heat capacity,[m] is the mass, and [Delta t] is the temperature difference), the specific heat capacity [J/(KG* ° C)], the temperature difference [° C], and the mass [KG] are substituted into the formula and divided by the time [S] to obtain the power [W]. - For example, the known atmospheric pressure reactor, material 304, the external dimensions of the kettle body are 2 meters in diameter * 3 meters in height (8mm in thickness), the weight is about 1000kg, the effective volume is 7 m3, the material weight is 7 tons, the reaction material is a certain liquid material mixed specific heat according to the requirements of 4200J/kg* ° C, and it is required to be heated from 20 ° C to 280 ° C within 3 hours. After calculating the theoretical power, it is necessary to consider the loss (generally increase the loss by 20%) to determine the actual matching power. For example, the theoretical power of the above example is 708KW, and the actual matching is 708KW *1.2 = 850KW. Seven sets of 120KW electromagnetic heater can be used for parallel heating. 2. ** Steps to design the plan ** - Understand the original structure and working principle of the reactor, including the size, shape, material, working temperature and other parameters of the reactor. Then, according to the actual situation and needs of the reactor, the electromagnetic heating scheme was designed. ** II. Upgrade plan for the support and foam plug at the bottom of the reactor ** 1. ** Selection of Upgrade Materials ** - High-quality steel was used to ensure the bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of the lower support and foam plug. 2. ** Pre-construction preparation ** - The original lower support and foam plug were first cleaned, and then disassembled to facilitate the installation of new materials. 3. ** installation process ** - After determining the size of the new material, he drilled a hole and installed it gently. Then, he adjusted the reaction kettle to ensure that the new support and foam plug were stable. ** 3. Cleaning and replacement of paint containers ** 1. ** Clean paint container ** - Clean up the old paint container, use professional equipment to heat and spray it with high pressure to ensure that it is thoroughly cleaned. 2. ** Change paint container ** - A new paint container was installed, and the corresponding clamp was used to fix the container to ensure safety and reliability. ** IV. Replacing the valve and sensor ** 1. ** Replacing the valve ** - First of all, determine which valve needs to be replaced, then use professional equipment to disassemble it, and choose a suitable position for the new valve to install. 2. ** Replacing the sensor ** - Clean the original sensor, then remove it and mark it according to the location where the new sensor is to be installed. For the modification of the reactor involving the key supervision of dangerous chemical processes (such as the modification of the internal heat-conducting oil-injected electric heating reactor without cooling measures): 1. ** For the atmospheric pressure reaction process using heat medium heating ** - The reaction kettle should be equipped with automatic control valve for feed and heat medium, and the reaction temperature can be adjusted by changing the feed flow or heat medium flow. - The reaction kettle shall be equipped with a high reaction temperature alarm and interlocked to cut off the feed or the heat medium. The parallel lock shall be used to open the emergency cooling system (including the cooling medium) and emergency discharge facilities. 2. ** For the pressure reaction process using heat medium heating ** - The reaction kettle should be equipped with an automatic feed or heat medium flow control valve, which can adjust the reaction temperature and pressure by changing the feed flow or heat medium flow. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Zhoushan reaction kettle electric heating
Zhoushan electric heating heat-conducting oil furnace has been applied in the production of oil resin. In industrial production, the reaction kettle electric heating heat-conducting oil furnace had many advantages. For example, its heating system was a closed circulation system, which could quickly heat up and cool down the reaction kettle. It could be customized to a very small volume and was easy to install. It was suitable for medical research occasions. It could realize special control methods such as cascaded control to stabilize the temperature. It could also realize automatic control through remote communication or programming with a PC to provide safety for production. It also played a positive role in reducing the probability of defective products and providing complex temperature control process design solutions. Its power consumption mainly depends on the heating part and the circulating pump, and the power consumption can be reduced through measures such as pipe insulation. In the relevant application scenarios of Zhoushan, the electric heating oil furnace of the reactor could also play a similar role. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Dismountable reaction kettle thermal jacket
The following features of the thermal jacket are shown: 1. ** Construction and production **: Usually made of high and low temperature resistant, fire-resistant and thermal insulation materials, including the inner lining, the middle insulation layer, and the outer protective layer. It was carefully designed and made according to the specific shape of the reactor, the environment, the three-dimensional drawings of the reactor, and the installation of the equipment on site. 2. ** Performance advantage ** - ** Heat insulation **: It is a reliable and effective heat insulation material. It can achieve greater heat insulation performance with a lower thickness. For example, it can meet the requirements of the temperature below 50 ° C (not higher than the ambient temperature by 15 ° C) after insulation. The thermal conductivity is 0.035W/m.K at room temperature. It effectively prevents heat from escaping from the inside of the reactor or external heat from entering the inside of the reactor to maintain the internal temperature of the reactor. - ** Adaptability and adaptation **: It fits the equipment better and has good flexibility. It can adapt to the heat insulation requirements of different reactors. It can be customized according to the size of the equipment and has a good fit with the equipment. - ** Durability **: High temperature resistance, anti-corrosion, material can withstand high tension, such as 3500N/50mm tension, waterproof, anti-oil, anti-corrosion and weathering, strong weather resistance (waterproof 3ds, fire resistance GB8624 -2012: B1 and anti-corrosion H2SO4) and other characteristics. - ** Others **: The thermal insulation cover is light, which can reduce the overall weight of the reactor. It also has a good sound-absorbing effect. It has a beautiful appearance and is environmental friendly. 3. ** Ease of Use ** - ** Easy to disassemble **: It is designed to be easy to install and disassemble (such as the Velcro and drawstring design). It can be reused. This is very convenient for equipment maintenance or operations such as removing the thermal suit to cool down. 4. ** Meaning of application **: The heat preservation of the reactor is very important. The reaction of the materials inside requires a certain temperature support. Heat is the core problem of the reactor. The disassembled thermal suit helped to prevent the heat source from affecting the quality of the product. It not only improved the reaction efficiency and effectively reduced the heat loss, but also fully utilized the waste heat or the heat generated after the reaction to save production costs. It was of great significance in the thermal insulation of chemical vessels such as large reactors and storage tanks. If the thermal insulation was not handled properly, the physical properties in the reactor would change greatly, affecting normal production. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>