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Answer 1

Cultural relics are the general term for all valuable material relics left over from the historical development of human society, created by humans or related to human activities. Its basic characteristics include that it must be created by humans or related to human activities, and it has become a historical past that cannot be recreated.

Different countries have different definition, appellation, coverage, and classification methods for cultural relics. In China, the Cultural Relics Protection Law used the concept of "cultural relics", and there were also cases where the term "cultural heritage" was used. The Italian government defined archaeological, historical, and ethnic art objects, historical sites, and documents as cultural relics. In Japan,"cultural relics" were called "cultural property" and divided into five categories. Unesco referred to cultural relics as "cultural property" or "cultural heritage." The content of the two was different. The former was mostly movable cultural relics, while the latter was mostly immovable cultural relics.

Cultural relics have the characteristics of material (resource), epochal (historical), irreplaceable, non-regenerative, individual differences, and permanence. There were many ways to classify them, such as by age, form of existence, region, texture, function, attribute, origin, value, shape, etc. There were also seven types of classification methods from the perspectives of history, art, science, aesthetics, ethnography, and archeology.

Cultural relics had historical, artistic, cultural, and scientific value. According to the grading standards of cultural relics, they were divided into first-class cultural relics, second-class cultural relics, third-class cultural relics, and general cultural relics. In terms of the review of cultural relics leaving the country, our country takes 1949 as the main standard line. In principle, cultural relics of certain value produced and made before 1949 (including 1949) are prohibited from leaving the country. Cultural relics produced and made before 1911 (including 1911) are prohibited from leaving the country. The cultural relics of ethnic minorities were mainly based on the year 1966. The representative cultural relics of ethnic minorities produced and made before 1966 (including 1966) were prohibited from leaving the country. There were also some special regulations that prohibited cultural relics from leaving the country regardless of their age.
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