Important Illustration Knowledge Points in Biology

Biology elective second year of high school chapter 1 knowledge points: - Research and application of the reagent: - Pectinase: It breaks down pectins and dissects the cell wall and intercellular layer of plants, which helps to increase the juice yield of fruits and make the juice clear. Pectinase was not an type of an ester. It included polygallouronases, pectinases, pectinases, and pectinesterases. - The activity of the reagent could be expressed by the reduction of the reagent or the increase of the product in a unit of time and volume. - Control of plant pests and animal diseases: - Control policy: prevention first, comprehensive control. - Comprehensive control methods for crop pests and diseases: - Investigation of pests and diseases: According to the purpose, requirements and targets of the investigation, it can be divided into basic situation investigation, fixed-point system investigation and pest control effect investigation. The investigation was generally carried out in the form of a sample. The sample methods included chessboard, diagonal, straight, Z, and so on. There were concepts such as disease incidence rate (preliminary understanding of the harm situation), insect population reduction rate (understanding the effect after prevention and treatment), etc. The prediction of plant pests and diseases was based on the analysis and judgment of the data obtained from observation and investigation. It calculated the occurrence period, occurrence quantity, and damage degree of the pests and diseases, and issued early warnings in time for prevention and control. - Plant quarantine: The purpose is to prevent the spread of dangerous pests and weeds. The quarantine targets were seeds, seedlings, and agricultural products, including international quarantine and domestic quarantine. - Agricultural control: Take measures such as the selection of resistant varieties (such as insect-resistant tobacco), the formulation of reasonable farming systems (such as reducing the amount of pesticide used), and the establishment of scientific fertilizer and water management to directly or indirectly eliminate or suppress the occurrence and harm of diseases, insects, and weeds. Biology elective second year of high school, knowledge points: - Cell cycle and mitosis: The cell is the basic unit of an organism, and its normal growth and development requires a series of life cycles. The cell cycle referred to the entire process of cells starting from one mitosis to the next mitosis. It was mainly divided into four stages. - G1 phase (growth phase): During this period, cells grow and synthesize the required protein and organelle. - S phase (DNA replication phase): During this period, cells replicate the DNA in their genomes, ensuring that each daughter cell has complete genetic information. - G2 phase (prophase): During this period, cells grow further and are ready to enter mitosis. - M stage (mitosis stage): During this period, cells undergo mitosis, including the formation of the Spindle, nuclear division, and cell division. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The key knowledge points of the fourth chapter of Seven Creatures are as follows: 1. ** Blood Circulation System **: It consists of the heart (organ), blood vessels (organ), and blood (tissue). 2. ** Blood-related knowledge ** - ** Blood composition and function ** - [Blood plasma: It contains water (about 90%), protein, glucose, and other minerals. It is used to transport blood cells, nutrients, and waste.] - ** Blood cells **: Including red blood cells (Red Blood Cell), white blood cells (White Blood Cell), and blood plaque (Platelet). Blood has the functions of transportation, defense, and regulation of body temperature. - [Comparing the three types of blood cells: Each has different characteristics and functions.] - ** Hemogloblin **: It exists in red blood cells, contains iron, and is red in color. Its characteristic is to combine with oxygen in places with high oxygen content and separate from oxygen in places with low oxygen content. For example, gas poisoning (carbon dioxide poisoning) was caused by the combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin, which was stronger than the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin, causing the patient to lack oxygen. - ** Altitude sickness related **: When a person reaches a certain altitude, the body will have a natural physiological reaction to adapt to changes such as low air pressure, low oxygen content, and dry air. The symptoms include headache and short breath. The number of red blood cells in the human blood would gradually increase to improve the efficiency of oxygen transport. Training in the plateau area before the competition was conducive to the production of more red blood cells in the blood. When returning to the low-altitude area for competition, the efficiency of oxygen transport was high, which was conducive to the human body obtaining enough energy. In addition, stem cells could differentiate into various cells and form different tissues and organs. They were mainly found in the umbilical cord blood and bone marrow of newborns. 3. ** Blood Circulation Pathway ** - * * - ** Lung Circulation **: Blood flows from the right atrium back to the left atrium. The direction of blood flow in the heart was vein, atrium, atrium, and artery. 4. Blood vessels: German scientists have developed a method of using bacteria to make blood vessels. Using the special ability of Acetic acid bacteria to make starch, the bacteria are placed in a double-layer glass tube and injected with nutrient solution. After a few days, the tube wall will produce elastic milky white fiber material. 5. ** Heart-related **: The heart chambers are located below the heart, and the heart chambers are located above the heart. The heart chambers were usually connected to the arteries, and the heart chambers were usually connected to the veins. The walls of the heart chambers were thicker than the walls of the heart chambers. The blood circulation route started from the heart chambers and ended at the heart chambers. 6. ** Blood transfusion and blood type ** - **Abo blood type **: It is divided into four types: A, B, AB, and O. When different blood types meet, they may stick together and coagulate. - ** Blood transfusion principle **: Massive blood transfusion should be based on the principle of blood transfusion of the same type. In addition to blood type O, people with blood type A and B can also receive a small amount of blood type A or B. In an emergency, patients with blood type A can receive a small amount of blood type O slowly. Blood transfusions were usually done through veins. Depending on the situation, whole blood or blood components would be transfused. If the blood transfusion was not done properly, it would endanger one's life. - ** Unpaid blood donation **: A healthy adult donating 200 - 300ml of blood each time will not affect their health. The conditions for donating blood include 18 - 55 years old, good health, and voluntary principles. Each donation should not exceed 400ml. In addition, there are also requirements for weight, blood pressure, pulse, and so on. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following is a summary of some high school biology knowledge points: 1. The relationship between chemical elements and organisms: organisms contain a variety of chemical elements. These elements have different functions and effects in the body, such as forming compounds and participating in physiological processes. 2. The list of compounds in the cell: There are many kinds of compounds in the cell, such as sugar, fat, protein, and nuclear acid. Each of them has different structures and functions. For example, sugar is the main energy material, fat can store energy, and so on. 3. Nucleic acid was divided into DNA and DNA, and its basic units were respectively, DNA and DNA. 4. Identification of reducing sugar, fat, protein, and DNA in biological tissues: Use specific reagents for identification. For example, Fehling's reagent can identify reducing sugar and produce brick-red precipitations; Sultan III dye solution can identify fat and produce orange color, etc. 5. The characteristic of the membrane was that it was selectively pervious, allowing certain substances to pass through while preventing other substances from passing through. 6. The cell membrane's substance exchange function: The cell membrane can carry out substance exchange through free dispersion, assisted dispersion, active transportation, and other methods. 7. The similarities between mitochondria and plastids were that they both had a double-layered membrane structure, were related to energy conversion, and contained a small amount of DNA. 8. The comparison of eukaryote organelle: Different organelle had differences in structure and function. For example, the ER was the synthesis, processing, and transportation channel of protein and other molecular substances; the Golgi apparatus mainly processed, classified, and packaged the protein from the ER. 9. During mitosis, the changes of nuclear DNA, the nuclei of the nuclei, and the nuclei of the nuclei were as follows: during the interphase, DNA replication and the synthesis of related protein were carried out, and the DNA content was doubled; during the prophase of mitosis, the nuclei of the nuclei appeared, and at the anaphase, the nuclei of the nuclei split, and the sister Chromatids separated. 10. The source of ATP-in the body: It is mainly produced by cell breathing (both oxygen and oxygen free breathing) and photosynthesis. 11. [The destination of the ATP-binding in the body: It is used for various life activities of cells, such as muscle contraction and material synthesis.] 12. The comparison between light reaction and dark reaction in photosynthesis: the light reaction occurs on the thylakoid membrane of the plastids, producing oxygen, bound bound 13. The relationship between light energy utilization rate and photosynthesis efficiency: Light energy utilization rate refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter accumulated by the plant's photosynthesis to the sunlight energy that shines on the ground; photosynthesis efficiency refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter produced by green plants through photosynthesis to the light energy absorbed during photosynthesis. 14. The relationship between the external factors that affect photosynthesis and the improvement of light energy utilization: The external factors include light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., and appropriately increasing the value of these factors can improve the light energy utilization. 15. The metabolism of the three major nutrients in humans and animals: sugar, fat, and protein can be synthesized and decomposed in the body, and they can be converted to each other. 16. The comparison between the two types of breathing: Aerobic breathing produces a large amount of energy and requires oxygen to participate. The reaction site is mainly the mitochondria. The anoxia-less breathing produces a small amount of energy and does not require oxygen. The reaction site is the cellular matrix. In addition, there were also knowledge points about cell structure and function, gene expression, genetic laws, biological evolution, ecological systems, etc., such as cell membrane system, gene translation and translation process, Mendel's law of inheritance, modern biological evolution theory, etc.(Genetic frequency changes, isolation and speciation, etc.), the components of the ecosystem (producers, consumers, disposers, non-biological substances and energy), energy flow (one-way flow, step-by-step reduction), material circulation, and many other topics. These knowledge points were all important parts of high school biology learning, but due to space constraints, it was difficult to list all 300. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following is a summary of the knowledge points that may be involved in the ear biology question: ** I. The relationship between the ear and the meridians and viscera ** 1. ** Relationship with Meridians ** - The yang meridians go directly into the ear or around the ear, while the yin meridians go up to the ear indirectly through their respective meridians. After the Yin and Yang Heel Meridians of the Eight Extraordinary Meridians enter the ear, the Yang Wei Meridians enter the ear along the head. 2. ** Relationship with Internal Organs ** - The ear and the viscera were closely related in both physiological and pathological aspects. ** 2. Surface anatomical structure of the auricle ** 1. ** Herry-related structure ** - Including the helicoid node, the foot of the helicle, the tail of the helicle, and so on. 2. ** Antihelic-related structure ** - There are antihelices, upper legs of antihelices, lower legs of antihelices, etc. 3. ** Other structures ** - There were also the tragus, antitragus, triangular pit, scaphoid, supratragus notch, intertragus notch, trochoid notch, earlobe, and concha. ** 3. Knowledge of Ear Acupuncture Points ** 1. ** Concept ** - Ear acupoints were distributed on the auricle. They were some specific reaction points or stimulation points on the auricle. 2. ** Law of distribution ** - The distribution of the auricles on the auricle was like an inverted fetus in the womb. The head was facing down, the buttocks were facing up, and the chest, abdomen, and torso were in the middle. The acupoints corresponding to the head and face were distributed in the earlobe or near the earlobe; the acupoints corresponding to the upper limbs were distributed in the auricle; the acupoints corresponding to the torso and lower limbs were distributed in the antihelion and the upper and lower legs of the antihelion; the acupoints corresponding to the internal organs were mostly concentrated in the auricle and the auricle cavity; and the digestive tract was arranged in a circular manner around the foot of the helicle. ** 4. Ear growth ** 1. ** Continues to grow ** - The human ear would not stop growing. It grew about 0.22 millimeters per year. Before the age of 10, the growth rate was very fast. After the age of 10, the speed would slow down. The earlobe would also grow bigger with age. Therefore, the ears of the elderly were usually larger than those of the young. There was even a saying that the ears of long-lived people were larger. 2. ** Ear canal skin growth and shedding ** - The skin of the ear canal continued to grow outward at a rate of about 3.30 centimeters per year, but it would continue to fall off every year. If it did not fall off, by the age of 20, the ear canal would grow to about 60.96 centimeters away from the ear. ** 5. Ear function and related phenomena ** 1. ** Hearing related ** - There were three ossicles in the ear (the malleus, incus, and stapes). They were the smallest bones in the human body and were connected end to end. They were no bigger than a coin. Although the middle ear and inner ear were small, their structures were as complicated as a maze. - Wearing headphones for an hour would increase the bacteria in the ear by 700 times. Wearing headphones for a long time would affect the natural ventilation of the ear canal. Too much sound would also damage hearing. It was recommended to wear headphones for no more than half an hour a day. - His ears were still working when he was sleeping. Even if his brain was sometimes resting and blocking external signals, his ears were still constantly collecting sound information. 2. ** Balance related ** - The important function of the vestibular semicircle canal in the ear was to maintain the balance of the body. Once the endolymph level was disturbed, it would cause dizziness. For example, people would feel dizzy when the rotation speed was too fast. 3. ** Other phenomena ** - When yawning, there would be a sound in the ear because the eustachian tube was a channel connecting the middle ear and the nasopargeal cavity. Normally, when it was opened, the pressure in the inner ear and the external air pressure would be stable. When yawning, the eustachian tube was closed, which would cause the ear ventilation to be not smooth, and the air pressure in the ear would be insufficient, resulting in a feeling of suffocation and abnormal sound. - The ear may affect the sense of taste, and 28% to 80% of middle ear surgery patients will have taste problems. - Her ears could even tell the difference between the sound of hot water and cold water. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following are some knowledge points related to high school biology and human health: - ** Nutrient Function ** - ** Energy-supplying substance **: Carboids, fats, and protein can all provide energy for the body's decomposition. The order of energy supply is sugar, fat, and protein. - ** Building and repairing tissues **: The main raw material for building and repairing tissues is protein. Carboids and fats are important components of cell membranes and nerve tissues. The main components of bones are calcium (Ka), calcium (MG), and phosphorus (P). Some hormones and other substances are protein. - ** Regulating substance **: Iodine is the main component of the hormone. - ** Malnutrition and Overnutrition ** - ** Malnutrition * - A lack of protein supply would affect development and resistance. - The lack of nutrition and calcium affects bone development. - A deficiency of vitamins A can cause night blindness, and a deficiency of vitamins C can cause scurvy. - [Overnutrition: Obtaining too much energy will cause you to become obese.] - ** reasonable diet **: Food should be non-toxic to the human body and meet the requirements of food hygiene. The type, quantity, and proportion of nutrients should meet the actual needs. Food should be processed reasonably to reduce the loss of nutrients and improve the utilization rate. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

High school biology knowledge was numerous and scattered, covering the following areas: 1. ** Material and structural basis of life **: Living organisms share the same material and structural basis. Except for viruses, living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function. 2. Metabolism: Metabolism is the general term for all the orderly chemical changes in living cells. It is the foundation of life activities. 3. ** Reproduction and Development of Living Beings **: This includes the methods of reproduction and the process of individual development. 4. ** Life activity regulation **: For example, hormone regulation, nerve regulation, and other mechanisms that regulate the life activities of organisms. 5. ** Inheritance and Mutation **: It involves the transmission of hereditary substances, gene expression, gene mutation, gene reorganization, and aberrations. 6. [Origin of Life and Evolution of Living Beings]: Including the hypothesis of the origin of life and the theory of biological evolution. 7. ** Biology and the environment **: The relationship between organisms, organisms, and the organic environment. In the elective section, the knowledge points of Biology elective three were focused on genetic engineering, cell engineering, embryo engineering, and so on. These knowledge points needed to be systematically summarized and summarized to build a knowledge framework. They also needed to pay attention to the bold words and chapter summary in the textbook. Through special training and accurate brushing of questions, they could improve the accuracy of the questions to better grasp the high school biology knowledge. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following is a simplified version of the high school biology knowledge: - ** Cell and internal environment ** - Body fluids were divided into two parts: the cellular fluid (2/3) and the extra-cellular fluid. The outer cell fluid formed the internal environment. Blood cells lived in plasma, and most cells lived in tissue fluid. The internal environment was the medium for the exchange of substances between cells and the outside world. The steady-state included the stability of osmic pressure, ph, and temperature. The osmic pressure was related to the number of solute particles. The plasma osmic pressure was mainly related to the content of mineral salt and protein. The concentration of physiological salt was 0.9% NaCl. - Internal environmental stability was a necessary condition for normal life activities and was maintained by the neurohumoral immune regulation network. - ** Nervous regulation ** - Excitement was a process in which tissues or cells moved after being stimulated. The basic method of neuroregulation was reflex. The reflex arc was composed of a receptor, an impudent nerve, a nerve center, an efferent nerve, and an receptor. - The resting potential was the external positive and internal negative formed by K effluence, and the external negative and internal positive action potential formed by Na influx when stimulated. Excitement is transmitted bi-directional on nerve fibers and uni-directional between neurons (axons → cell bodies or tributaries). The neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane in the vesicle and acts on the postsynaptic membrane. The cerebral hemisphere had advanced functions such as perception, reflex control, language, learning, memory, and thinking. - ** Hormonal regulation ** - Hormonal regulation was regulated by the secretion of chemicals by the hormonal organs (or cells), and there was a feedback regulation mechanism. Hormonal regulation was featured by its high efficiency, fluid transport, and action on target organs and cells. Hormones were deactivated after they took effect, and they were information molecules. Phytohormones were micro-organic substances produced in plants and transported to the place of effect to affect growth and development. - ** Immune system ** - The immune system is composed of immune organs (bone marrow, spleen, and tonsil), immune cells, and immune active substances (antibodies, lysmokines, and lysomes). Its functions are defense, clearance, and monitoring. Non-specific immunity includes the first line of defense composed of skin and mucus membrane, and the second line of defense composed of antiseptic substances and engulfing cells. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

1. Lamarck was the first to propose the theory of biological evolution. The reason for biological evolution was the use of waste and acquired inheritance. 2. He was a British naturalist and the founder of the theory of evolution. He graduated from the University of Cambridge at the age of 22 and started studying medicine. Later, he went to the Department of Theology to study natural science, especially biology. In 1831, as a naturalist, he participated in a five-year round-the-world trip on the Beeger warship. In 1859, he published the Origin of Species, which became a turning point in the history of biology. 3. The development of modern biology promoted the further development of evolutionary theories such as the origin of life, species division and formation. It was believed that living things originated from non-living things, and all living things on modern Earth had a common ancestor. Through mutation, inheritance, and natural selection, they evolved from low to high, from simple to complex, and from few to many. 4. Stanley proposed the "harvesting theory" to explain the role of predators in evolution. 5. Engels believed that Darwin's theory of evolution was one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century (the law of conservation and conversion of energy, the theory of cells, and the theory of evolution). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following is a summary of high school biology knowledge points: 1. * * The relationship between chemical elements and organisms **: To clarify the existence form and function of various chemical elements in the biological body. For example, some elements are the key components of biological molecules. 2. * * Compound in the cell **: Master the structure, function, distribution and other characteristics of various compounds in the cell (such as protein, nuclear acid, sugar, fat, etc.) For example, protein was the main carrier of life activities, while DNA was the carrier of genetic information. 3. * * Basic units of Nucleic Acid **: Understand that Nucleic Acid is divided into DNA and R A. Its basic units are Deoxy Nucleonate and Ribo Nucleonate respectively. Also, understand the characteristics of the base and pentacomb sugar that make up the Nucleic Acid. 4. [Identification of reducing sugar, fat, protein, and DNA in biological tissues: Master the experimental principles of identifying these substances, the selection of experimental materials, the experimental steps, and the color reaction of the experimental results.] 5. [Characteristics of a pervious membrane: Understand the principle of the pervious nature of a biological membrane, which is related to the molecular structure of the membrane such as protein and lysomes.] 6. * * Cell membrane material exchange function **: Understand the cell membrane material exchange methods, such as free spread, assisted spread, active transport, etc.(whether it consumes energy, whether it needs a carrier, etc.). 7. * * The similarities between mitochondria and plastids **: Both are organelle, and both have a double-layer membrane in their structure. Both are related to energy conversion (mitochondria is the main place for oxygen breathing, and plastids are the place for photosynthesis). 8. "** Comparisons of eukaryotic cell organs **: Comparing the structure and function of different cell organs (such as the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, etc.). For example, the ER is involved in the synthesis of protein and fat, and the Golgi apparatus is related to the formation of cell secretions. 9. * * Changes of DNA, Chromatids, and Chromatids in the Nucleus during Mitosis **: During mitosis, the number of DNA, Chromatids, and Chromatids will change regularly at different stages. Understanding these changes will help you master the process and significance of cell division. 10. * * The source of ATP-in-the-body **: The main sources are cell breathing (both oxygen and oxygen free breathing), photosynthesis, and other processes. 11. * * The direction of ATP-bound in living organisms **: ATP-bound directly provides energy for cell life activities, such as muscle contraction, material synthesis, and other energy-consuming reactions. 12. * * Comparisons of light and dark reactions in photosynthesis **: Comparisons were made in the places where light reactions occurred, reaction conditions, and material changes (such as the photodecomposition of water and the synthesis of bound bound 13. * * The relationship between light energy utilization rate and photosynthesis efficiency **: Light energy utilization rate refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter accumulated by plants during photosynthesis to the sunlight energy that shines on the ground, while photosynthesis efficiency refers to the ratio of the energy contained in the organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis to the light energy absorbed during photosynthesis. It is necessary to understand the relationship and difference between the two. 14. * * The relationship between external factors affecting photosynthesis and the improvement of light energy utilization rate **: External factors affecting photosynthesis include light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. Understand how these factors affect photosynthesis, so as to master methods to improve light energy utilization rate, such as reasonable dense planting. 15. * * The metabolism of the three major nutrients in humans and animals **: Understand the digestion, absorption, synthesis, and decomposition of sugar, fat, and protein in humans and animals, as well as the relationship between them. 16. * * The comparison between the two types of breathing **: This is a comparison between the two types of breathing in terms of the place where the breathing takes place, the reaction process, the products, and the release of energy. In addition, there were some special cases that needed to be noted. For example, in an ecosystem, the stability of resistance and the stability of resilience were not inverse in all cases. A special ecosystem like the Arctic tundra had low stability of resistance and resilience. At the same time, in the learning process, they had to build a knowledge system and pay attention to the vertical and horizontal connections between knowledge. Not only did they have to remember basic terms, terms, and concepts, but they also had to understand biological laws. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Except for a few organisms such as viruses, all organisms were composed of cells. The cell was the basic unit of the structure and function of the organism. The chemical composition of the virus was DNA and protein or R A and protein. I. Eukaryotic cell structure and function 1. ** Cell wall **: There is a cell wall outside the cell membrane of plant cells. The main components are starch and pectins, which can be removed by cellases and pectinases. It is used for support and protection. 2. ** Cell membrane **: It is mainly composed of fat (Phospholide) molecules and protein molecules. There is also a small amount of sugar. Among the fat, Phospholide is the most abundant. Its functions included separating cells from the external environment, controlling the entry and exit of substances into cells, and communicating information between cells. 3. * * - ** Cell matrix **: It contains water, mineral salt, fat, sugar, ammo acid, and many other types of acids. Many chemical reactions are carried out here. - ** Cell organ ** - ** mitochondria **: The main place for oxygen breathing, known as the "power workshop". It is composed of a double-layered membrane. The inner membrane folds inward to form a ridge, increasing the membrane area. There are a variety of microorganisms and a small amount of DNA related to oxygen breathing. - <strong></strong></strong><strong></strong>& - ** ER **: A network structure formed by the connection of single membranes. It increases the membrane area inside the cell. It is related to the synthesis and processing of protein in the cell. It is also the "workshop" for the synthesis of fats. - ** Ribosome **: Granular body, part of which is attached to the plasmatic reticule, while the other part is free in the plasma. It is the place where protein is synthesized. - ** Golgi apparatus **: It cannot synthesize protein, but it can process, classify, and package protein. Plant cell division is related to the formation of cell walls. - ** Vacuum **: Mature plant cells have a vesicle. The vesicle contains cell fluid, which contains substances such as sugar, mineral salt, coloring matter, and protein. It can regulate the cell's internal environment and maintain the cell's shape and expansion. - ** Centrosome **: Animal cells and lower plant cells have a centrosome. Each centrosome is composed of two vertically arranged centric granules and their surrounding materials. The centrosome of animal cells is related to mitosis. - Lysosome: An organelle with a single-layered membrane structure. It contains a variety of lysomes and can break down a variety of substances. 4. ** Nucleus **: - Its structure included the nuclear membrane (a double-layered membrane with a nuclear pore on the membrane, which was the channel for the exchange of substances and information between the nucleus and the plasma), the nucleus (the shape and number of different organisms were different, and it would disappear and reappear periodically during cell division), and Chromatin. Some cells have more than two nuclei, while others have no nuclei (such as the red blood cells of a mammalia). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>