Tunnel construction animation

Answer 1

Tunnel construction animation was a branch of 3D animation. Its production could be divided into three parts: pre-production, animation clip production, and post-synthesis:
1. ** Pre-production **: This is the planning and design of the animation before it is produced. Because the content of the construction technology animation was highly professional, it was necessary to understand the tunnel construction technology and construction plan before production. Then, it was necessary to carry out the script planning and design, the screenplay creation, the scene design, and other preliminary planning and design work.
2. ** Animation clip production **: According to the preliminary design, use engineering animation software such as Lumenrt to produce animation clips. The production process includes a series of operations such as modeling, materials, lighting, animation, camera control, rendering, etc.
3. ** Post-production **: The animation clips, sounds, and other materials that were previously made will be edited by the non-linear editing software according to the design of the split-shot script. Finally, a complete tunnel construction animation will be generated.

Tunnel construction methods mainly include drilling and blasting method, shield method, tunnelling machine method, and tunnel lining method. The excavation method is divided into open excavation method and underground excavation method. The open excavation method is mostly used for shallow-buried tunnels or urban railway tunnels, and the underground excavation method is mostly used for mountain railway tunnels. According to the size and position of the excavation section, there are partial excavation method and full-section excavation method. Different construction methods would be presented differently in the animation:
1. ** Drill Explosion Technique **:
- ** Full-section excavation method **: Once the excavation is completed, it is usually done with a drill, followed by milli-second blasting, shotcrete-bolt support, and large-scale loading and transportation machinery and ventilation equipment. This method has evolved into the half-section method (the upper part of the arc is in the lead, and the lower part is constructed at a certain distance).
- ** Divisional excavation method **: First, use small cross-section to excavate the pilot tunnel in advance, and then expand the pilot tunnel to half or full cross-section. This method can use light machinery to construct and open more working faces, but there are many processes, interference, and more people. According to the position of the heading pit in the tunnel cross-section, it was divided into the upper heading pit method, the central heading pit method, the lower heading pit method, and various methods that cooperated with the upper and lower heading pits. There was also the bench method that divided the entire cross-section into steps for excavation and the distance between each step was relatively short.
2. ** Shield Method **: suitable for soft ground. The shield was a circular steel structure excavation machine. The front end was a notch ring, the middle was a support ring, and the back end was a shield tail. During excavation, the cut ring cuts into the ground to cover the workers 'work. The support ring bears the load and is equipped with a jack and other machinery to push the shield. The shield follows the first two parts to protect the workers from installing the segments.
3. Tunnelling machine method: The entire tunnel section was constructed with a continuous tunnelling machine. The front end of the tunneler was a metal disc, which was driven by powerful rotation and propulsion. The disc was equipped with special knives to cut the stratum, and the surrounding buckets poured the gravel into the belt transporter to transport it out. There was a foldable support mechanism in the middle of the machine body. When cutting the stratum, it stretched out to support the rock wall to balance the moment and thrust. This method had less disturbance to the surrounding rock, accurate control of the cross-section, no over-excavation, fast speed, and fewer operators.
4. ** Tunnel Lining **: After the tunnel is excavated, in order to stabilize the surrounding rock and ensure the safety of operation, a layer of support structure with sufficient strength needs to be built according to a certain outline size. Commonly used lining types include in-place pouring concrete, pre-cast block assembly, shotcrete-anchor or single-shot concrete, and composite lining (after shotcrete-anchor or single-shot support, another layer of concrete is poured in place. In areas with water, a waterproof layer can be added between the two layers of support).
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