How long does it take to answer the questions in the junior high school biology exam
Different regions had different times to answer questions in the biology general examination. For example, in 2024, the geography and biology academic level examination of junior high school in Linxia Prefecture of Gansu Province was combined, with 40 points for geography and 40 points for biology, and 100 minutes for answering the questions. In 2020, the provincial unified examination organized by the Jilin Province province, the biology examination was held from 14:00 to 14:50 on June 30, and the answer time was 50 minutes. Read more exciting novels for free
Junior high school biology questions must be memorized
The following are some of the must-memorize content that might be involved in the junior high school biology questions: - In terms of biological structure, cells were the basic units of biological structure and function. The structure of an animal was cell → tissue → organ → system → animal, while the structure of a plant was cell → tissue → organ → plant. - Biological and environmental parts: The composition of the ecosystem includes biological parts (producers, consumers, decomposing) and non-biological parts (sunlight, air, water, etc.). The substances and energy in the ecosystem flow along the food chain and food web, and the energy transfer is one-way and diminishing. - Green plants in the biosphere: the reaction formula, essence (synthesizing organic matter, storing energy), significance (providing food and oxygen for themselves and other organisms); the reaction formula, essence (decomposing organic matter, releasing energy) of the respiratory process and its importance in plant life activities. - Human Physiology: The nutrients of the human body (such as sugar, fat, protein, vitamins, water, and mineral salt); the composition of the digestive system and the functions of various organs; the digestion and absorption process of food; the composition of the respiratory system and the gas exchange process.(including the gas exchange in the lungs and tissues); the composition of the blood circulation system (heart structure, blood vessel type and function, blood composition and function); the blood circulation pathway (body circulation and lung circulation); the composition of the urine system and the process of urine formation (glomerular filtering and glomerular reabsorption). - Biological inheritance and variation: genes control biological traits, the law of gene transmission between parents and offspring (such as trait separation ratio), concepts such as relative traits, dominant genes, latent genes, dominant traits, latent traits, etc.; types of biological variation (heritable variation and non-heritable variation) and their reasons. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Which questions are usually tested on biology in junior high school?
Junior high school biology final exam paper analysis model essay and answer book
The following is an example of an analysis of a junior high school biology final exam paper: ##1. Overall Assessment of the Test Paper 1. ** Guiding ideology of proposition ** - The test paper reflected the idea of "three advantages". According to the middle school curriculum standards, students 'basic biological knowledge and basic skills were examined from three aspects: knowledge and skills, process and methods, emotional attitudes and values. For example, it not only tested basic knowledge such as life phenomena and biological structure, but also tested students 'ability to use knowledge to solve problems in some comprehensive questions. It also touched on students' humane feelings and value orientation through questions related to life. 2. ** Knowledge coverage and key tests ** - The knowledge points covered a wide range. The basic concepts and principles in the textbooks, such as life phenomena, the basic structure of organisms, physiological changes, biological evolution, experimental exploration, and common sense of life, were all reflected. At the same time, on the basis of paying attention to the investigation of basic knowledge, they paid attention to the induction and summary of knowledge. There were few questions that only examined one knowledge point. Many questions involved the same knowledge block or multiple knowledge points in several knowledge blocks. For example, some comprehensive questions required students to have the ability to integrate knowledge. 3. ** Contact with reality ** - There was a certain proportion of questions related to production, life, society, and science and technology. These questions were based on the students 'learning, life, society, environment, and scientific development. They were designed to match the students' knowledge and skill level, such as transplanting techniques, experiments on the living conditions of mice, and the role of forests. This reflected the concept that living creatures originated from life and served life. It helped guide students to pay attention to social problems and observe problems from a biological perspective. ##II. Analysis of Students 'Answer Patterns 1. ** Basic Knowledge ** - The students 'basic knowledge was weak, which was reflected in their poor mastery of biological terms. Many common biological terms were easy to confuse, such as organic matter and mineral matter, peel and seed coat, etc., which led to mistakes and loss of marks when answering questions. 2. ** Ability ** - [Question review ability: The student's ability to solve problems through careful review is poor, and he cannot accurately understand the meaning of some questions.] - ** Concept Comprehension **: unclear understanding of the concept, affecting the accuracy of the answer. - ** Study Habits **: Poor study habits. Some handwriting is illegible, the paper is dirty, and there are many typos. ##3. About the Answer As he did not obtain the complete junior high school biology final exam paper and standard answers, he could not provide a comprehensive answer. However, generally speaking, the answers to questions about basic knowledge were mainly based on the accurate concepts and principles in the teaching materials. For example, questions about cell structure would be answered according to the names and functions of the various parts of the cell structure. For comprehensive questions, multiple knowledge points would be used to logically organize them. For questions involving the relationship between biological evolution and the environment, the theory of evolution and the choice of the environment on living things would be integrated to answer. For the experiment questions, the answers had to include the experimental principles, steps, expected results, and conclusions. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
High school entrance exam weather indicator biology answer 2016
I'm not a biological answer to the middle school entrance examination's weather indicator. I'm a fan of online literature. I can provide answers to all kinds of subjects, but I haven't taken the middle school entrance exam or provided answers to it. If you have any other questions, I will try my best to answer them.
Junior high school biology research questions and answers detailed explanation
The following are some examples of questions and answers related to junior high school biology research: * * I. Research on the effects of alcoholism on the human body ** 1. [Question: How does alcohol affect the nervous system?] - Alcohol can seriously damage a person's nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, and the brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebrum, and brainstem. When drinking too much, alcohol would poison the cerebrum, causing damage to the cerebrum's ability to maintain body balance and accurate coordination of movements, resulting in instability in walking. Alcohol would poison the language center of the cerebral hemisphere, causing speech to be unclear. It would poison the visual center, causing hallucinations. In severe cases, the entire nerve center would be poisoned, causing confusion, loss of consciousness, and lethargy. For example, when studying the effects of alcohol on the driver, there might be a loss of coordination and accuracy of hand and foot movements, which might be caused by alcohol anesthetizing the cerebrum. 2. [Question: How does alcohol affect the heart rate of the water fleas?] - * * Explanation of the answer **: Assuming that the alcohol concentration has an effect on the heart rate of the water fleas, the experimental variable is the alcohol concentration. In the experiment, as the volume fraction of alcohol increased, for example, when the volume fraction of alcohol was 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, the corresponding heart rate of the Daphnia was 24, 21, 17, and 0 (death) respectively, indicating that the heart rate of the Daphnia gradually decreased until death. This also meant that alcohol abuse would cause the central nervous system to be overly excited, causing alcoholism. Alcohol abuse in pregnant women could also cause fetal development disorder or low intelligence, and even cause fetal deformities. At the same time, in order to show the effect of alcohol, a control group with only water and no alcohol should be added to the experimental design. * * 2. Research on the biological effects of smoking ** 1. [Question: What is the effect of smoking on the health of mice?] - * * Explanation of the answer **: In the experiment to explore the effects of smoking on the health of mice, if the number of mice in each group is too small (such as only a few), the result is too accidental and not scientific and convincing. After the improvement, if the mice in Group A were normal, the mice in Group B would have bloodshot eyes, red and swollen eyes, abnormal activities, and finally spasm and shock after being exposed to smoking-related substances (simulated smoking environment, etc.). Through comparison, it could be concluded that smoking was harmful to health. 2. [Question: Which systems do the harmful substances produced by smoking harm?] - There are more than 40 kinds of cancer-causing substances in the smoke produced by smoking, as well as more than ten kinds of substances that promote the development of cancer. Among them, the most harmful ones are Nicotine, carbon dioxide, tar, and many other metal compounds. These toxic substances first entered the human body's respiratory system directly, causing respiratory diseases such as tracheitis, rheumatism, pneumonias, and lung cancer. Furthermore, not only did smoking endanger their own health, but it also seriously affected the health of others. It was more harmful to others than to themselves. * * 3. Exploration on the application of fermentation in biology ** 1. [Question: In the process of producing fuel alcohol from corn stalks, what kind of bacteria is needed to produce alcohol from sugar liquid?] - * * Explanation of the answer **: The fermentation of microorganisms plays an important role in food production and other aspects. In the general process of producing fuel alcohol from corn stalks, the bacteria needed for the stage from sugar liquid to alcohol is yeast. Yeast can decompose glucose to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. * * 4. Exploration on visual formation ** 1. [Question: When the light from the red light enters the eyeball to form an image, what is the order in which the light enters the eyeball?] - * * Explanation of the answer **: The order in which light enters the eyeball is: corneas, pupil, crystalline lens, vitreal body, retina. The photosensory cells in the retina received the stimulation of the image and converted the image information into nerve impulses, which were then transmitted through the optical nerve to the visual center of the cerebral hemisphere to form vision. When a driver stopped at a red light, the cerebral hemisphere was involved in this process, which was a complex reflex. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What questions should I ask in junior high school biology?
Here are some questions suitable for junior high biology: ** 1. Cell related ** 1. Both animal and plant cells had basic structures such as cell membranes, protoplasts, and nuclei. Were there any subtle differences in these structures? For example, the composition of the cell membrane or the distribution of the organelle in the cell. 2. When observing cells, we know that some cells will swell when they absorb water, but how do cells in organisms avoid this excessive absorption of water? ** 2. Biology and the environment ** 1. There were producers, consumers, and scavengers in different ecological systems. When a particular ecosystem was destroyed, which of these three types of organisms was the most critical to the restoration of the ecosystem? 2. What are the effects of global warming on different biological habitat? How did it affect the survival, reproduction, and evolution of living creatures? ** 3. Physiology of animals and plants ** 1. Plants produce organic matter through photosynthesis, but is the photosynthesis efficiency of different plants the same? If it was different, what was the cause? 2. How does an animal's nervous system precisely control the contraction and relaxation of muscles to complete complex movements? ** 4. Biological classification ** 1. There were many animals that looked similar but belonged to different groups, such as whales and fish. In the classification of organisms, what other factors would be considered to accurately distinguish them apart from their physical characteristics? 2. How did scientists determine the classification of species that were on the edge of biological classification? ** 5. Inheritance and Evolution ** 1. Genes would mutate during the process of inheritance, so under what circumstances would these mutations have a positive impact on the survival and evolution of organisms? 2. Inbreeding would lead to the emergence of many genetic diseases. In the process of biological evolution, how did creatures avoid inbreeding? <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Analysis of the Questions and the Answer in the Biology Course of Senior High School
The following are some questions and answers that might be involved in the high school biology seminar: ** I. Problems related to the metabolism of cells ** 1. ** Question **: briefly describe the process of scientific discovery of the essence of the enzyme and the characteristics of scientific exploration. - Before Pasteur, he believed that fermentation was a pure chemical reaction and had nothing to do with life. Pasteur and Liebig respectively proposed that the fermentation in brewing was related to living yeast cells. Without living cells, sugar could not be turned into alcohol, and that the fermentation was caused by certain substances in the yeast cells, and these substances could only play a role after the yeast cells died and cracked. Through experiments, Bichner proved Liebig's point of view was correct, saying that the substance that caused fermentation was a zymase, but what exactly was the zymase was still unclear. Later, Sumner extracted urease crystals with high purity from sword bean seeds for the first time and proved that urease was a protein. This process showed that scientific discoveries were not smooth sailing. Many scientists needed to repeatedly demonstrate, debate, and experiment to reach scientific conclusions. 2. [Question: What is the relationship between the metabolism of the cell and the metabolism of the cell?] - Cell metabolism is composed of a series of chemical reactions in the cell. These reactions need to be carried out at high speed under normal temperature and pressure, and they require the catalyze of an enzyme. Because the reaction environment inside the cell was at normal temperature and pressure, in order to make the chemical reaction proceed quickly, the reaction required the activation energy to be reduced. 3. [Question: How do you determine if an protein is an protein?] - [Answer analysis: Biuret reagent can be used to determine whether this type of protein is a protein.] ** 2. Questions related to the ability to explore biological experiments ** 1. [Question: In the college entrance examination, how do you test your ability to design an experiment plan?] - For example, the 30th question of National Volume A required students to design an experimental plan to verify that protein fragments could appear in the lysomes of engulfing cells. The 32nd question of the new curriculum standard required students to design an experimental plan to test the AIDS virus in blood samples. This tested the students 'ability to use basic experimental methods and techniques to solve new problems. 2. [Question: Using genetic engineering experiments as an example, how does the biology college entrance examination test the understanding of the principles and objectives of the key links of the experiment?] - Question 38 of National Volume A used genetic engineering to express the target protein as the background. It examined the principles and purposes of the key links such as the double digestion of the plasmid-carrier and the preparation of competent cells. It allowed students to feel the rigorous and realistic characteristics of scientific research in the process of solving common problems in scientific research, so as to examine their understanding of the principles and purposes of the key links of the experiment. ** 3. Questions related to the application of biological knowledge in production and life ** 1. [Question: Give an example of how the college entrance examination biology questions reflect the application of biological knowledge in solving practical production and life problems.] - ** Answer Analysis **: Question 34 of the new curriculum standard volume mentioned the practical problem of the high yield of the female plants of the white thorn melon being favored by consumers. Students were required to use genetic crossing methods to screen out the pure hybrids of the female plants of the white thorn melon to solve the problem of high yield. Question 37 of National Volume A focused on the theme of rational use of disinfectant to reduce infectious diseases. It examined the key points of the exploration process such as microorganisms cultivation, bacteria counting, coating plates, and analysis of experimental results. It guided students to use the basic methods of scientific inquiry to solve practical problems in production and life, reflecting the application of biological knowledge in solving practical production and life problems. ** IV. Core literacy and teaching-related issues in biology ** 1. [Question: How to implement the core knowledge of biology in biology class?] - ** Answer Analysis **: Taking the classroom teaching " Passive Transportation " as an example, at the beginning of the class, the students were used to think about life phenomena, stimulate the curiosity of students to explore new knowledge, arouse the enthusiasm of students in the form of question strings, set up independent inquiry and group discussion sessions, and let students feel a sense of participation. In the teaching process, they combined life examples to understand the knowledge points, such as explaining the principle of water entering and leaving the cell. This could well fulfill the requirements of developing students 'scientific thinking and social responsibility in the core accomplishment of biology. In addition, the course " Gene Mutation " focused on the occurrence and mechanism of cancer. It guided the students to analyze and explore the concept, essence, characteristics, significance, etc. of gene mutation independently. It was also helpful to improve the students 'core biological quality. 2. ** Question **: How does the inter-school biology exchange activity promote teachers 'teaching? - Take the inter-school biology exchange between Jigang High School and Laiwu No.1 Middle School as an example. The inter-school exchange provided a platform for teachers to exchange teaching models and study school-based curriculum. Through the exchange, teachers could learn the experience of developing and implementing the biology school-based curriculum in other schools. For example, the teachers of Jigang High School realized that the content of the biology school-based curriculum in Laiwu No.1 Middle School was rich and layered. They could also learn different classroom teaching methods, such as teacher guidance and student inquiry in the classroom of Laiwu No.1 Middle School. They could truly realize the student-centered teaching mode, thus promoting the updating of teachers 'teaching ideas and the reform of teaching methods, and improving the teaching level of teachers. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
2021 Shaanxi Junior High School Biology Examination Paper and Answer
You can click on the download link of the 2021 Shaanxi Province High School Entrance Examination Biology Questions and Answer (Word version) to obtain the complete test paper and answer. The first five pages of the document are as follows: [Name of the document] 2021 Shaanxi Province High School Entrance Examination Biology Questions and Answer (Word Version)[document format] Word Version [document download] click to download the Word document [document download] The first five pages of the document are as follows: <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
How to improve the accuracy of biology experiment questions for junior high school students
If junior high school students wanted to improve the accuracy of biology experiment questions, they could start from the following aspects: ** 1. Basic Knowledge ** 1. A firm grasp of the basic knowledge of biology, a deep understanding and flexible application of the basic principles, concepts, and laws of biology were the cornerstone of answering biological experiment questions. 2. In-depth understanding of the design ideas of the teaching materials, including carefully analyzing the experiments in the teaching materials, clearly understanding the principles and objectives of each experiment, grasping the basis for the selection of materials, experimental methods, and steps. At the same time, it would analyze the experimental conditions, processes, phenomena, and results in depth. It would be able to describe the principles, purposes, steps, phenomena, results predictions, and conclusions of classic experiments, thus building a framework for experimental design questions. ** 2. Thinking ability ** 1. He learned how to train in variations of known experiments and develop his thinking of seeking differences. Because many experiments could choose different materials, design different steps, or draw the same conclusion from different results, this kind of training could help improve the comprehensive ability and scientific literacy of the experiment. 2. The experiment was designed to simulate the classic experiment in the textbook. The classic experimental principles and methods in the textbooks were rigorous and scientific. If one often carried out such targeted training, one could master the general rules of experimental design and improve their experimental design ability and skills. ** 3. Skill in answering questions ** 1. When solving a problem, you must find the key words and make sure the proposition is directed to avoid answering the question. 2. He analyzed the intention of the proposition, determined the scope of knowledge to be tested, eliminated interfering information, and prevented thinking. 3. According to the restrictions in the question, the scope of the answer was reduced to improve the accuracy of the answer. 4. Use the professional terms in the textbook to answer questions to ensure that the words used are scientific and standardized. 5. He had to consider everything and answer all the key points to ensure the completeness of the answer. At the same time, he had to sort out the key points of the answer to improve the conciseness of the narration. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Junior high school biology paper typical problem analysis questions and answers
The following are some typical questions and answers for junior high school biology papers: * * 1. Single choice question ** 1. * * The meaning of the body of the hydra being symmetrical ** - Answer: D (both). - [Analysis: Hydra's symmetrical body shape allows it to sense stimulation from all directions, capture prey from all directions, and defend against enemies from all directions.] This symmetrical way was compatible with its aquatic, fixed, or floating lifestyle. 2. * * Judgment on the difference between high and low animal groups ** - [Question: There are many animal groups, and there are high and low grades. The following statements are incorrect ()] - Answer: B. - [Analysis: Although the body of a thread-shaped animal is cylindrical, it cannot be determined that it is higher than a flat-shaped animal.] The bilateriality of flat-shaped animals was higher than that of coelenterate because the bilateriality made the body of animals have the division of front, back, left, right, back and abdomen, which was conducive to directional movement. Reptiles could fully adapt to land life, which was higher than amphibians. Mammals were better than birds in reproductive development because they were born and suckled. 3. * * The similarities between roundworms and pork taenias in adapting to parasitic life ** - Answer: B. - Analysis: Ascaris lumbricus and pork taeniasis are parasites. The similarity between them and parasitic life is that they have developed reproductive organs, which is conducive to their reproduction in the host's body. They did not need developed digestive organs because they could obtain nutrients from their hosts. The roundworm had a stratum corneum on its body surface, but the pork taeniasis did not. Symmetries on both sides of the body were not unique to their parasitic life. 4. * * The relationship between the cell structure of roundworms and their living environment ** - Question: The roundworm lives in the human digestive tract and does not get oxygen for a long time, so which structure in its cells may disappear () - Answer: C. - "Analysis: The mitochondria is the main place for oxygen breathing. The roundworm lives in an anoxia-deficient environment and carries out anoxia-free breathing, so the mitochondria may degenerate and disappear. The cell membrane was the boundary structure of the cell, the nucleus was the control center of the cell, and the plasma was the main place for the cell to carry out metabolism. They would not disappear due to lack of oxygen. 5. * * Muscle movement when the locust jumps ** - [Question: When the locust jumps, its hind feet change from bending to stretching. The following related statements are wrong ()] - Answer: B. - [Analysis: When the locust jumps, muscle A relaxes and muscle B contracts, causing the hind feet to turn from a bent state to an extended state.] The inner muscles of the hind feet were attached to the inner side of the exoskeleton. The locust's chest had three pairs of feet, and the body and feet were divided into sections. The muscles provided power for the locust's jumping. 6. * * Common characteristics of mussels, snails and cuttlefish ** - Answer: C. - [Analysis: Mussels, snails, and cuttlefish all have a common feature: they all have a mantle.] Mussels had shells, snails had shells, and cuttlefish's shells had degenerated. Snails moved with their stomachs, mussels moved with their axes, cuttlefish moved with their wrists and used them to hunt for food, and mussels breathed with their gills and relied on water pipes and water pipes to obtain food. 7. * * The relationship between animal groups and their characteristics and the map (The map is not shown, so the specific options cannot be analyzed in detail, but the idea is as follows)** - Answer: It depends on the specific choice. - "Analysis: Based on the characteristics of various animals, such as the characteristics of coelenterate, flat-shaped animals, and thread-shaped animals, the animal groups described in the options and their characteristics should be compared to the actual situation, including the characteristics of body structure, lifestyle, physiological functions, and so on. 8. * * Description and judgment of animal structure and function ** - Question: The structure of an animal is always compatible with its function. - Answer: B. - [Analysis: The lizard's body is covered with horny scales, which can prevent the water in its body from evaporating. Lizards use their lungs to breathe. Their skin is dry and does not assist in breathing.] The roundworm's body surface was wrapped in a cuticle for protection; the locust's body surface had a tough exoskeleton that could prevent the water in the body from evaporating; the fish's body surface was covered with scales, and the surface of the scales had slippery mucus to protect the body. 9. * * Escape (Chameleon)'s characteristic description and judgment ** - [Question: Which of the following descriptions about avoiding servitude is correct?] - Answer: B. - Analysis: The body color of the evildoer can change with the environment, which is a protective color; the evildoer has developed lungs and strong gas exchange ability, which is conducive to its breathing in land life; the reproductive development of the evildoer completely gets rid of the dependence on the water environment; the fertilized egg of the evildoer does not need to absorb water and oxygen from the outside world when hatching. 10. * * Description and judgment of animal structure and living environment ** - Question: The following statements about animals adapting to their living environment are incorrect () - Answer: B. - "Analysis: Male frogs have a vocal sac. The vocal sac is the vocal organ of male frogs. It has nothing to do with adapting to life in water or on land. It mainly attracts female frogs during the breeding season. Fish used gills to breathe to adapt to life in the water, pigeons 'forelimbs turned into wings to adapt to flying life, and lizards had horny scales to adapt to life on land. 11. * * The corresponding judgment of animals and their gas exchange sites ** - Answer: C. - Analysis: Paramecium carries out gas exchange through the membrane; earthworms carry out gas exchange through the body wall; snails carry out gas exchange through the mantle; river mussels carry out gas exchange through gills; locusts carry out gas exchange through the trachea, not the lungs; seahorses carry out gas exchange through gills; frogs carry out gas exchange through the lungs and skin; pigeons carry out gas exchange through the lungs, and the air sacs assist in breathing but do not carry out gas exchange. 12. * * Judgment of the relationship between the characteristics of different creatures (The specific circle map of the creatures represented by P, Q, E, and F is not given. It is impossible to analyze the specific choices in detail, but the idea is as follows)** - Answer: It depends on the specific choice. - "Analysis: Based on the characteristics of the organisms involved, such as the way of reproduction of mammoths, the way of reproduction of many animals, the way of obtaining nutrition by heterotrophy, and the characteristics of land animals that can prevent water loss and adapt to land life, the accuracy of the contents of P, Q, E, and F in each option should be judged. 13. * * Gas exchange of birds in flight ** - Question: The following descriptions of birds and mammals are wrong: - Answer: A. - [Analysis: When birds fly, only the lungs can exchange gases. The air sacs play a role in assisting breathing and cannot exchange gases.] Birds 'bones were light, thin, and strong, and their chest muscles were well-developed. * * 2. Non-multiple choice questions (Since the specific content of the questions is not given, the following is an analysis of common test points)** 1. * * Cell structure is related to function ** - For example, if one were to examine the structure of a cell, one might ask about the functions of the cell's structure, such as the plasma, nucleus, and cell membrane. - Answer: The cell membrane has the function of controlling the entry and exit of substances into the cell; the nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains genetic material; the plasma is the main place for the cell to carry out metabolism, and the organelle, such as the mitochondria, is the main place for oxygen breathing (the plastids in plant cells are the places for photosynthesis, etc.). 2. * * The classification basis and characteristics of animals and plants ** - For example, comparing the difference between a vertebra and an insect. - Answer: Vertebrate animals have a spine made of vertebrae, but there is no spine in the body of an animal with no backbone. Vertebrate animals included fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each of which had different characteristics, such as fish breathing with gills and swimming with fins; young amphibians breathing with gills, adults breathing with lungs and skin, etc.; Invertebrae included coelenterate, platyphores, threadworms, annelids, mollusks, arthropods, etc. The body of coelenterate was symmetrical, with a mouth but no anus; the body of platyphores was symmetrical on both sides, with a mouth but no anus, etc. 3. * * The relationship between living things and the environment ** - For example, how the structure of an animal adapted to its living environment. - Answer: For example, animals in the desert, camels have humps to store fat, wide soles to prevent sinking, long eyelashes to prevent sand and wind, etc. Fish that live in the water have streamlined bodies to reduce resistance, and they use gills to breathe to obtain oxygen in the water. 4. * * Biological reproduction and development ** - For example, comparing the reproductive and development characteristics of insects, amphibians, birds, and mammals. - Answer: Insects are egg-laying and have metamorphosis (complete metamorphosis is like butterflies going through four stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult, and incomplete metamorphosis is like locusts going through three stages of egg, larva and adult); frogs are egg-laying, in addition to external fertilisation and metamorphosis; birds are egg-laying, internal fertilisation, hatching and brooding; mammals are live-laying, breast-feeding, and internal fertilisation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>