How to write the summary of biology knowledge in the college entrance examination

Answer 1

The following was a way to summarize the biology knowledge of the college entrance examination:

** 1. Construct the framework **

1. ** By topic **
- Starting from the material foundation of life, it included the elements that made up the living body (large elements such as C, H, O, N, P, S, K, Ka, MG, etc., trace elements such as Mo, Cu, B, Mn, etc.), and compounds (sugar, fat, protein, nuclear acid, etc.). For each compound, determine its composition unit (For example, the single unit of a protein is an aa, and the single unit of a aa is a nt), structural characteristics (for example, the variety of a protein is derived from the type, number, and order of aa, as well as the spatial structure of the peptidic chain; the variety of a aa is determined by the order of deoxy nt), identification methods (for example, reducing sugar is brick-red when identified by Fehling's reagent, and protein is purple when identified by biuret reagent, etc.), and functions (for example, sugar is the main energy material, and Cellulose is a component of the cell wall, etc.).
- In the part of cell structure and function, the differences in the structure of procaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells were explained respectively (for example, procaryotic cells have no nucleus membrane to wrap around the nucleus, etc.), and the functions of various parts of the cell structure (for example, the bilayers of the cell membrane are the basic framework and have the function of controlling the entry and exit of substances; the organelle such as the mitochondria is the main place for oxygen breathing, etc.).
- The topic of metabolism covered photosynthesis (the places of light and dark reactions, material changes, energy changes, etc.), respiratory processes (the process, places, products of both oxygen and oxygen breathing, etc.), as well as the role of the metabolism.
- Inheritance and variation, which summarized the basic laws of inheritance (Mendel's law of separation and the law of free combination, the scope of application, experimental verification, etc.), gene expression (the process, location, template, etc.), and the type of variation (gene mutation, gene reorganization, the concept, characteristics, examples of mutation, etc.).
- The regulation of life activities included the regulation of plant hormones (such as the discovery, physiological effects, and characteristics of growth hormones) and the regulation of animal life activities (the basic way of nerve regulation, the composition of reflex arcs; the secretion and mechanism of hormones in humoral regulation, as well as examples of neurohumoral regulation, etc.).
- The topic of the ecosystem was to describe the components of the ecosystem (producers, consumers, resolvers, non-biological substances and energy), the nutritional structure (food chain and food web), the functions of the ecosystem (the process, characteristics, and significance of energy flow; the types of material cycles such as carbon cycles; the types and functions of information transmission, etc.), and the stability of the ecosystem (the concept and relationship of resistance stability and resilience stability, etc.).

2. ** Divided by Knowledge Level **
- The basic knowledge section was mainly about the accurate understanding and memorization of biological concepts and terms, such as the concept of cell cycle and the definition of mutants.
- Theoretic knowledge, such as the principle of infiltration, the cellular basis of genetic laws, etc.
- Comprehensive knowledge, such as the relationship between gene expression and traits, the influence of the environment on biological traits, or the understanding of energy flow, material circulation, and information transmission in the ecological system.

** 2. Fill in the content **

1. ** Explain the knowledge points in detail **
- Under each topic or knowledge level, describe the specific knowledge points in detail. For example, in the part of genetic laws, in addition to describing the contents of the laws, there were also examples of how to apply these laws to solve practical problems, such as the analysis of genetic pedigree, the application of crossbreeding, etc. As for gene expression, he had to explain in detail the start and stop signals of translation, the pairing of codons and anticodons during translation, and other details.
- For the error-prone knowledge points, he would highlight and explain them. For example, in the section on ecosystem stability, it was necessary to clearly point out that the stability of resistance and resilience were not always in inverse relation, such as the special ecosystem of the Arctic tundra.
2. ** Additional Chart **
- By inserting suitable diagrams at the relevant knowledge points, it would help with understanding. For example, in the part of photosynthesis, the diagram of the photosynthesis process was inserted, and the places of light reaction and dark reaction, the flow direction of substances, etc. were marked. In the part of cell structure, the model diagram of animal and plant cell structure was inserted, and the names and functions of each cell organ were marked.
- As for the data related knowledge points, such as the population growth curve (J-shaped and S-shaped curve), use charts to show the trend of the curve, the characteristics of each stage, and the influencing factors.

** 3. Summing Up **

1. ** Comparisons **
- Comparing similar knowledge points, such as comparing the process of oxygen and oxygen, to identify their similarities (both decompose organic matter to release energy, etc.) and differences (reaction sites, products, energy release, etc.), or comparing mitosis and Meiosis, analyzing them from the aspects of mitosis process, chopstick behavior, cell division results, etc.
- The same physiological processes of different biological groups could also be compared, such as the hormone regulation of plants and animals. Although the types and methods of action of hormones were different, they all played a role in regulating life activities.
2. ** Pattern summary **
- He summarized some rules of solving problems, such as how to quickly determine the dominant and hidden traits in genetic problems, how to calculate the genetic probability, etc. In the calculation of energy flow in the ecosystem, he summarized the calculation methods and application rules of energy transfer efficiency, etc.

** 4. Inspection and Perfection **

1. ** Accuracy check **
- Check if the description of each knowledge point is accurate to avoid confusion and misinterpretation. For example, to ensure the accurate definition of various biological terms, such as gene pool, gene frequency, and other concepts.
2. ** Completeness check **
- Check if the summary covers the main knowledge points of the college entrance examination biology, and if there are any important knowledge points missing. For example, it was necessary to ensure that the main content of modern biological evolution theory was covered, including the fact that population was the basic unit of biological evolution, mutation, and genetic reorganization were the raw materials for evolution.
3. ** Logicality check **
- Check whether the logical relationship between the contents of each part is clear, whether it can gradually transition from basic knowledge to comprehensive knowledge, and whether it can be explained in a certain logical order. For example, in the description of genes to traits, the logical order should be gene expression (translation) → protein synthesis → protein function → biological traits.
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