The World Government could be the main antagonist. They see both Luffy as a growing threat to their rule as a pirate and Dragon as a revolutionary. When Luffy and Dragon meet, the World Government might send their strongest agents like the Admirals to stop them from joining forces. The World Government's strict control over the world and their desire to maintain the status quo would put them in direct opposition to Luffy and Dragon.
A powerful and greedy pirate crew could be the main antagonist. They might be after a powerful treasure or trying to take over an important island. When Luffy and Dragon meet, they both oppose this pirate crew. This crew could have a cruel captain with unique and dangerous powers. Their actions of pillaging and causing chaos would make them the target of Luffy's sense of justice and Dragon's revolutionary ideals.
A powerful and corrupt World Noble could be the main antagonist. They might be trying to stop both Luffy and Dragon's efforts for freedom. The World Noble could have a large military force under their control and be causing chaos and oppression in various parts of the world. This would force Luffy and Dragon to join forces to take them down.
A powerful new pirate group could be the main antagonist. They might be after the same treasure or territory as Luffy and Shanks. They could have some unique and dangerous abilities, like the ability to control sea monsters. Their leader could be a former crewmate of a well - known and feared pirate, who has his own vendetta against both Luffy and Shanks for some past reasons.
A powerful dragon - themed pirate could be the main antagonist. This pirate has a crew of dragon - like creatures and they are causing chaos across the seas. They have a grudge against Luffy for some reason, perhaps because Luffy has unknowingly entered their territory or stolen something valuable from them.
The World Government could be the main antagonist in a more complex way. They could be secretly manipulating events to pit Dragon and Luffy against each other. For example, they could spread false rumors about Luffy being a tool of the revolutionaries, which would make other pirate crews and kingdoms target him, and at the same time make Dragon look bad for having a son who is causing so much chaos. This would force Dragon and Luffy to either fight each other or find a way to clear their names together.
It could be a new character created specifically for the fanfiction. Maybe a powerful pirate who has a vendetta against the Straw Hat crew because of the oc's presence. Since the oc is reborn into this world, they might bring some sort of change that angers this new antagonist.
It could be a lemon - loving pirate who has a grudge against Luffy for some reason. Maybe Luffy accidentally destroyed his precious lemon grove on an island. So this pirate, with his crew of lemon - themed fighters, constantly tries to sabotage Luffy's adventures and steal his treasures.
It could be a new character who has a deep understanding of the Goro Goro no Mi's powers and wants to use Luffy's new - found abilities for their own evil purposes. This character might be a scientist who has studied Devil Fruits extensively and sees Luffy as a prime specimen to experiment on.
An ancient sea devil who was sealed away in the past but is awakened by their time - traveling. This devil could have the power to manipulate time itself and tries to stop Luffy and Nami from returning to their own time or achieving their goals.
It could be a time - traveling pirate who has his own evil plans for the past. He might be trying to change the past to gain ultimate power in the future. So he becomes an obstacle for Luffy who wants to either preserve the past or make positive changes.
It could be a marine admiral who has developed a new weapon that not only causes physical harm but also memory loss. This admiral might see Luffy as a big threat and decides to use this weapon on him to weaken the Straw Hat crew.