It could be Harry Potter himself. After all, he has been the subject of Dumbledore's schemes for a long time. Harry might finally see through Dumbledore's actions and decide to take a stand against him.
In such a fanfiction, Dumbledore might face consequences for his actions. For example, his manipulative ways could be exposed. Maybe his secrets regarding Harry Potter's upbringing and the true purpose behind his actions could come to light, leading to a loss of his respected status among the wizarding community.
In some interpretations, one possible crime could be his manipulation of Harry Potter. He knew Harry was a tool to defeat Voldemort from the start and perhaps didn't fully disclose this to Harry, leading Harry into a dangerous life without his full knowledge.
In a more extreme case in the fanfiction, Dumbledore might assign Hermione to a special project that is both difficult and dangerous as a form of punishment. For example, he could send her to study a group of cursed magical creatures in the Forbidden Forest. This would be a punishment that not only tests her skills but also her courage.
The fanfiction could focus on Dumbledore's backstory. Fans might write about his early years at Hogwarts as a student, his friendships, and how he developed into the great wizard he became. It could also include his interactions with other magical creatures in more depth than the original series, such as having secret meetings with centaurs or merpeople to gain wisdom.
It could be Severus Snape. He has a complex relationship with Dumbledore. Maybe Snape discovers some of Dumbledore's plans that he doesn't agree with regarding Harry Potter. He then sends a Howler in a fit of anger to express his disapproval.
It could be Harry Potter himself. After realizing how he had been used, Harry might decide to hold Dumbledore accountable. Harry has the power and the motivation, having been through so much due to Dumbledore's actions or inactions.
Aspiring young writers who are fans of the magical world. They see Dumbledore as a rich character to base their fanfiction on. They could be students who are inspired by the detailed world of Hogwarts and want to contribute their own ideas about Dumbledore through writing.
It's also possible that Dumbledore has been misinformed or is under the influence of a dark spell himself. In the wizarding world, there are many forces at play. He could have received false information that made him think this was the best course of action for Harry. Another aspect could be that he is trying to teach Harry a lesson in a very extreme way. Maybe Harry has been too reckless, and Dumbledore wants to make him understand the seriousness of the situation.
I'm sorry, I don't know who the author of the 'cheers to comeuppance novel' is. There could be many novels with such a title or theme, and without more specific information, it's difficult to determine the author.
Perhaps Dumbledore foresaw some sort of prophecy that was related to Harry and his parents. In order to fulfill the prophecy in the right way or to avoid a greater catastrophe, he kept Harry from his parents. He was always thinking about the greater good of the wizarding world and might have believed this was a necessary step.