Late imperial Chinese novels often had complex plot structures. They usually incorporated elements of Chinese traditional culture such as Confucian values, Taoist ideas, and Buddhist concepts. For example, 'Dream of the Red Chamber' is a masterpiece of this period, which shows a large family's rise and fall, and reflects various aspects of society at that time, like family ethics, social hierarchy, and the relationship between the sexes.
These novels were sometimes a means of social commentary. They could subtly criticize the social problems of the time, like corruption in the imperial court or the hardships of the common people. Novels like 'Journey to the West' could be seen as a satire in some ways, with the journey of the characters representing the challenges and absurdities in real life.
They often have complex plots. For example, 'Dream of the Red Chamber' has numerous storylines and characters. The social hierarchy is a key aspect, showing different classes from the imperial family to servants.
Shi Nai'an was the author of 'Water Margin'. He created a world full of heroic outlaws, which has been popular for centuries and has influenced many other works both in China and abroad.
The development of Chinese literature in the late 1950s had the following characteristics: 1. The change of literary style: During this period, Chinese literature began to get rid of the old writing style and turned to expressionism and realism. Especially in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he showed a strong critical spirit. 2. The emergence of literary schools: During this period, many new literary schools appeared, such as new realism, new expressionism, new romanticism, etc. The emergence of these schools reflected the changes and characteristics of society and culture at that time. 3. The international tendency of literary works: During this period, Chinese literary works began to enter the international market and were welcomed by foreign readers. Many of them participated in international literary exchanges. 4. Popularity of literary creation: During this period, literary creation began to change to the direction of popularity and promote literary creation. Many literary journals began to pay attention to the popularity of literary creation. The reasons for the development of Chinese literature in the late 1950s were as follows: With the promotion of social change: in the 1950s, our country began to carry out the construction of a modern society, and the social change was constantly intensifying. 2. The international demand of literary creation: In the 1950s, it was an important period for Chinese literature to enter the international market. Many literary works began to be welcomed by foreign readers, and Chinese literary works began to move toward the international market. 3. Popularity of literary creation: In the 1950s, literary creation began to change to the direction of popularity and promote literary creation. This was an important manifestation of the trend of the popularity of literary creation.
Many late nineteenth century novels focused on social issues. Dickens' novels like 'Oliver Twist' showed the harsh realities of poverty and class differences. These novels were also a reflection of the changing times, as industrialization and urbanization were in full swing. The settings in these novels often included both the bustling city and the idyllic countryside, contrasting the two lifestyles.
Wu Cheng'en is also well - known for 'Journey to the West'. This novel is full of imagination, with vivid descriptions of the adventures of the Monkey King and his companions, and it has had a great influence on Chinese and world literature.
Many Chinese novels in the list have complex plots. For example, 'Dream of the Red Chamber' has a very intricate web of relationships and family politics. They also often have deep cultural roots. 'Journey to the West' is full of Buddhist and Taoist elements.
One characteristic is their long - standing traditions. Chinese novels have a long history of development. They can be very imaginative, like in 'Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio' where there are all kinds of supernatural beings and events. Moreover, Chinese novels usually carry moral lessons. For instance, 'Water Margin' shows the consequences of social injustice and the importance of loyalty among the heroes.
Chinese novels usually have a strong sense of history. They are either set in specific historical periods, like 'Journey to the West' which has elements related to Buddhism's spread in ancient China. And they also have a variety of themes. There are novels about love like 'Lotus Lantern', and novels about social problems such as 'The Scholars'. The language used can also be very poetic and vivid, adding to the overall charm of the novels.
Most Chinese novels have complex character relationships. For example, in 'Dream of the Red Chamber', there are dozens of important characters, and their interactions are very intricate, which makes the story very engaging.
Chekhov was an important figure in the history of Russian literature. Early novels: Chekhov's early novels mainly reflected the social reality of the Russian revolution, depicting the people's lives in the revolutionary storm and the fighting process of the revolutions. The main topics of these novels included political struggles, human nature, family, and love. His masterpieces included Chameleon, Dead Souls, Prairie, and Ten Thousand Cards. Mid-term novel: Chekhov's mid-term novels symbolized the maturity of his writing style, which paid more attention to the psychological description and plot. The main topics of these novels included personal growth, human nature, love, marriage, and so on. His masterpieces include Cherry Orchard, Family Story, Carmen, etc. Later novels: Chekhov's later novels focused more on reflecting the dark side of society and exposing the complexity of human nature. The main topics of these novels included human nature, evil, fate, and death. His masterpieces include The Romani, The Coat, The Ninth Widow, etc. Chekhov's works in the early and later periods have their own unique characteristics in terms of theme, style and plot, but they all reflect the complexity of Russian society and human nature, showing Chekhov as an outstanding.