Perhaps it's an ancient dark spirit that has possessed the cane. This spirit manipulates Harry into joining the dark side. It doesn't have a physical form like Voldemort but is extremely powerful in the realm of dark magic. It wants to use Harry to break free from whatever bindings it has and spread chaos throughout the wizarding world.
It could be a new dark wizard who has been secretly building his power. Maybe this wizard uses the allure of the cane and the idea of a new kind of dark magic to draw Harry in. He might be a former follower of Voldemort who has his own plans for domination and sees Harry as a useful tool.
There could be a group of dark wizards who operate in the shadows. They present the cane to Harry as a symbol of their group. Their leader, a mysterious and cruel wizard, wants Harry to join them not just for his power but also to corrupt the symbol of the light that Harry has always been. They oppose the established order of the wizarding world in a more insidious way than Voldemort did, and Harry gets caught up in their web of darkness.
The main antagonist could be Dumbledore. Since Harry has joined Voldemort, Dumbledore would see Harry as a threat to the good of the wizarding world. Dumbledore would try to bring Harry back to the right side, and they would end up in conflict.
It could be Dumbledore. In a twisted take on the story, if Harry joins the dark side, Dumbledore would be the one trying to stop him. Dumbledore has always been the guiding force for the good side, and Harry's defection would be a huge blow. Dumbledore would then have to face the difficult decision of either trying to save Harry or stopping him by any means necessary, making him the antagonist from Harry's new 'dark' perspective.
One possible plot could be that Harry, feeling betrayed by the light side or lured by the power promised by the dark side, decides to join. The cane might be a symbol of his new identity or a magical tool given to him by the dark forces. He could start learning dark magic and be used to carry out their evil plans.
There might be a supernatural or magical antagonist, even in a military setting. This could be a dark wizard or a creature that has infiltrated the military for its own malicious purposes. Harry, with his experience in the magical world, would be the key to dealing with this threat, but he has to convince the non - magical military personnel of the danger first.
It could be Voldemort. Imagine if he somehow found a way to cross over into the world of the Fellowship. He would be a powerful and menacing antagonist, using his dark magic to oppose both Harry and the Fellowship.
It could be Voldemort. Even if it's a fanfiction where Harry joins Tom, Voldemort's future self might still be a threat and oppose Harry's attempts to change Tom.
It could be the leader of the dark guild. This person would likely have a very different ideology from Naruto's. Maybe the leader believes in using extreme and unethical means to gain power, like sacrificing innocent lives for dark magic. Naruto would constantly clash with this leader as he tries to uphold his own values.
It could be Hawk Moth. He might finally succeed in corrupting Adrien. Hawk Moth could use Adrien's inner doubts and fears to his advantage. For instance, if Adrien is worried about losing his loved ones, Hawk Moth could promise him a way to keep them safe if he joins the dark side.
It could be the remaining Jedi. Since Luke is turning to the dark side, the Jedi who still uphold the light side values would be against him. They would see him as a threat to the balance they are trying to maintain and would try to stop him from fully embracing the dark side.
Perhaps a powerful dark side cult leader. They could manipulate Ezra into believing that their way is the right one and that the dark side is a misunderstood power. The cult leader might use Ezra's own insecurities and desires to draw him into the dark side.