Which Hemingway novel is most suitable for grade 9 teaching in terms of theme and readability?
Definitely 'The Old Man and the Sea'. Its theme of never giving up is very inspiring. The language is not overly complicated, which makes it accessible for ninth - graders. Also, it can be used to teach about the sea, fishing, and the relationship between man and the natural world. For example, students can analyze how Santiago respects the marlin even though he is trying to catch it.
Another good one could be 'The Nick Adams Stories'. These short stories are easier to digest compared to some of Hemingway's longer novels. They cover a range of themes like growing up, family, and the outdoors. Ninth - graders can relate to the experiences of Nick Adams as he goes through different stages of life. And the stories can be used to teach different literary devices as Hemingway uses them effectively in a concise way.
I would say 'For Whom the Bell Tolls'. It has strong themes of heroism and sacrifice. Although it's set during the Spanish Civil War, it's still relevant today. The story can be a bit long and complex, but with proper guidance, ninth - graders can understand the moral dilemmas faced by the characters. They can learn about the importance of making difficult decisions in the face of danger and the value of fighting for what one believes in.