The movie reflects the inhumane living conditions in the camps as part of the true story. Also, the power structure where the Nazis held all the authority over the prisoners. The innocence of the children involved, like the main characters, who didn't fully understand the complex and cruel world around them, is also an aspect that is likely based on real experiences of children during that time.
One aspect is the dehumanization of the Jews in the concentration camps. The striped pajamas were a symbol of their status as prisoners. The secrecy and the false justifications for the camps that were common in the real - life Nazi regime are also shown. The friendship that forms between the two boys despite the huge divide imposed by the Nazis is a way to show that even in the darkest of times, human connection can still occur, which might have been inspired by real stories of kindness or connection in the midst of horror.