The Book of Heavenly Works
The first edition of Tiangong Kaiwu was published in 1637 (the tenth year of Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty). It was a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. Some people also called it an encyclopedia. The author was Song Yingxing, a scientist from the Ming Dynasty. Foreign scholars called it "China's 17th-century Encyclopedia of Crafts." The book is divided into three volumes and 18 articles. The first volume recorded a series of production techniques, including machinery, bricks, porcelain, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textile, dyeing, salt, coal mining, oil extraction, and so on. The contents of the middle volume included the cultivation and processing of grains, beans, hemp, sugar, wine, beekeeping, etc. The second volume recorded the mining and smelting of metal minerals, the manufacture of weapons, the production of paint and wine yeast, as well as the collection and processing of pearls and jade. "Heavenly Creations" was the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It was a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. Some people also called it an encyclopedia. The author was Song Yingxing, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty. Foreign scholars called it "China's 17th-century Encyclopedia of Crafts." If you want to know more about the follow-up, click on the link and read it!
The Complete Book of Heavenly Works and Creation
" Heavenly Creations " was a comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It was also a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient times. The book was divided into three volumes and eighteen chapters. It contained detailed descriptions of agriculture, crafts, and various production techniques and tools. The author, Song Yingxing, emphasized in his book that human beings should be in harmony with nature, and that human beings should cooperate with the forces of nature. This book had been translated into many languages and spread all over the world, enjoying a wide reputation. It was known as China's 17th century encyclopedia of crafts and had worldwide influence.
Heavenly Works and Creations
The Heavenly Works of Creation was divided into many chapters, including Naili, Nifu, Zhangshi, etc. The specific chapters covered the production techniques and experiences of agriculture and crafts, including planting techniques, methods of using farm tools, textile techniques, dyeing methods, and so on. Each chapter had a detailed description and explanation, which summarized the achievements of ancient production technology and had important scientific value.
Thoughts on Heavenly Works
" Heavenly Crafts " was a comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It contained a lot of technology and knowledge about agriculture, industry, and handicraft. This book detailed the research experience of crop breeding, smelting technology, process equipment, and production organization. It was a precious legacy of ancient Chinese science and technology, and was called by foreign scholars as "China's 17th century technology encyclopedia". Although some of the knowledge and skills in the book are outdated in modern times, it is still worth our reference and learning. The author, Song Yingxing, emphasized in the book that human beings should be in harmony with nature, and that human beings should cooperate with the forces of nature. This idea still had important significance in today's society. Tiangong Kaiwu inspired people to think about innovation, wisdom, and culture. It was a delightful work that deeply respected and admired human wisdom and creativity. If you want to know more about the follow-up, click on the link and read it!
Classic of Heavenly Works
Tian Gong Kai Wu was a comprehensive scientific work written by Song Yingxing, a scientist of the Ming Dynasty. It was first published in 1637 (the tenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty). This book was the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It was a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. Some people also called it an encyclopedia. The author emphasized that human beings should coordinate with nature and that human beings should cooperate with natural forces. Foreign scholars called it "China's 17th-century Encyclopedia of Crafts." The book was divided into three volumes and 18 chapters (17 chapters on one account), which included agriculture, crafts, such as machinery, bricks, porcelain, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textile, dyeing, salt, coal mining, oil extraction, and other production techniques. Tian Gong Kai Wu was the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production. It was a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. Some people also called it an encyclopedia. The author emphasized that human beings should coordinate with nature and that human beings should cooperate with natural forces. Foreign scholars called it "China's 17th-century Encyclopedia of Crafts." If you want to know more about the follow-up, click on the link and read it!
Encyclopedia of Heavenly Works
" Tian Gong Kai Wu " was an encyclopedia written by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty. This book covered knowledge in many fields such as agriculture, craftsmanship, and industry. It was known as the " 17th-century Chinese Encyclopedia of Crafts." There were three volumes and eighteen chapters in Tiangong Kaiwu, which included techniques and experiences in agriculture, handicraft, and industry, including machinery, bricks, pottery, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textile, dyeing, salt, coal mining, oil extraction, and other production techniques. There were also 123 illustrations in the book, depicting various production tools and processes. Tian Gong Kai Wu was one of the important representative works of ancient Chinese science and technology. It was of great value to the study of ancient Chinese science and technology history and cultural history. If you want to know more about the follow-up, click on the link and read it!
Illustration of Heavenly Works
" Tian Gong Kai Wu " was an important scientific work of the Ming Dynasty, written by Song Yingxing. This book systematically summarized the agricultural and handicraft techniques of ancient China and was known as the " 17th-century Chinese Encyclopedia of Crafts." However, I didn't manage to find the complete version of the book. Perhaps you can try to find related resources in the library, online bookstore, or second-hand book market. If you want to know more about the follow-up, click on the link and read it!
The Complete Works of Heavenly Dao
" Heaven's Path " was a domestic drama about a young policewoman, Rui Xiaodan, who met Ding Yuanying, a business genius, through a friend and was entrusted to take care of Ding Yuanying's life in the ancient city. Ding Yuanying's unique personality and talent deeply attracted Rui Xiaodan. The movie also involved the storyline of the music and audio market. However, the search results didn't provide any specific information about the free viewing of the complete version of the Heaven's Will. Therefore, it was uncertain whether the full version could be watched for free.
The full text of Heavenly Works
Tian Gong Kai Wu was a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China, with a total of three volumes and eighteen articles. The book covered all aspects of agriculture and crafts, including machinery, bricks, pottery, sulfur, candles, paper, weapons, gunpowder, textile, dyeing, and so on. It was regarded as an encyclopedia, and the author was Song Yingxing, a scientist from the Ming Dynasty. Tiangong Kaiwu was first published in 1637 (the tenth year of the Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty), and was called by foreign scholars as "China's 17th-century Encyclopedia of Crafts." The whole book emphasized that human beings should be in harmony with nature, and that human beings should cooperate with the forces of nature.
Original Creation of Heavenly Works
The first edition of Tian Gong Kai Wu was published in 1637. This first edition was currently in the collection of the National Library of China. At the same time, the National Library of Paris in France and the Jingjiatang Library in Tokyo in Japan also had this edition. The feature of the first edition was that it was divided into three volumes, upper, middle, and lower. They were printed on good Jiangxi bamboo paper. The size of the book was 26.2 cm high and 16.8 cm wide. Each page had nine lines and each line had 21 words. In addition, the printing of the first edition was funded by Song Yingxing's friend, Tu Shaoyu. Therefore, it could be said that the first edition of " Tian Gong Kai Wu " was very precious. It was considered to be a masterpiece of ancient Chinese scientific and technological works.