The Master of Disguise in the Water: Octopus.

In the long process of evolution, harmless weak animals often had their own evasion and self-defense skills in order to survive. Protective colors were the most common. Chameleons and octopuses were perhaps the two most successful species of color-changing animals. They could change their body color in a very short period of time to adapt to their environment. Octopuses had a variety of self-defense skills. Not only were they good at changing colors, but they could also release "smoke bombs" to escape, that is, they could spray "ink" like squid. Not long ago, three experts from Australia and the United Kingdom discovered a new species of octopus in the tropical waters of Indonesia. This octopus could not only change its body color at any time with the environment, but it could also imitate the shape of a variety of terrible animals to scare off predators.
The adult octopus's body was about 6 cm long, and its tentacles were 30 cm long. Its slender tentacles were covered with rings of shallow and deep stripes, just like the golden ring snake, silver ring snake, or sea snake. There was a bulge above each of its eyes, as if it had two horns. This octopus was not only good at changing its body color, but it could also imitate a variety of poisonous marine animals with its natural body changes. It sometimes resembled a venomous sea snake, sometimes resembled a flounder that could spray a highly toxic liquid (a type of sole that even sharks would avoid), sometimes resembled a poisonous jellyfish, sometimes a moray eel, sometimes a crab, sometimes a shrimp, and sometimes even a sea cucumber. In short, this octopus could not only imitate all marine animals with ring-colored skin, but also change in an instant. Therefore, it could change its posture, body color, and muscle structure according to the situation when it encountered an enemy. Its transformation ability was almost comparable to that of Sun Wukong. Take the sea snake as an example. When this terrifying poisonous creature ate, it usually had its head down and its tail up. Guess how the octopus imitated it? At this time, the octopus would make its ring-shaped color more vivid, like a snake's body, and then gather six of the eight tentacles together to hang down and extend into its hiding place or any nearby cave. The other two tentacles would extend upward separately and twist like a sea snake, just like two sea snakes looking for food in the cave.
When it imitated the sole, it would extend all its tentacles to the back of its head, close them into a flat shape, lie on the bottom of the sea, and change its body color according to the color of the mud. When it swam, it would also gently shake its tentacles close to the ground like the fins of the sole. When it wanted to disguise itself as a shrimp, it would hide in the hole and fold its tentacles into pincers. When it needed to disguise itself as a jellyfish, it would jump into the water and turn its body into a bluish transparent shape. Then, it would bend all its tentacles into oblate shapes and float like a jellyfish. In short, as long as this octopus saw an enemy, it would immediately dress up as the enemy's nemesis to intimidate the other party. This superb adaptability was really shocking.
At the bottom of the sea, many fierce fish, like animals on land, had their own "territory." Once they encountered a strange or foreign invasion, they would desperately drive or devour it. Of course, the small octopus became their prey. However, sea snakes were the nemesis of these local fish. Some divers had witnessed with their own eyes how the small octopus immediately turned into a sea snake when it encountered a local fish. The two marine zoologists who specialized in this phenomenon were Norman (English) and Giles (Russian). They called this special ability of octopuses "dynamic simulation." They believed that this was not only the survival instinct of octopuses, but also related to their "acquired learning" because octopuses were very "smart."
Octopuses had a more developed nervous system and were very friendly to humans. Therefore, fishermen in some parts of Europe had long known to train octopuses to catch shells, crabs, and even fish at the bottom of the sea. Furthermore, octopuses were naturally curious and willing to learn. They also had very good memory abilities and would never forget their experiences. It was really amazing that the odd-shaped octopus had such a good brain.
Octopuses were friendly and intelligent. The octopuses in the aquarium quickly became familiar with the breeders. Like puppies and kittens, they liked to be noticed by their owners and play with them. The naughty octopuses would even take the initiative to shoot water at the audience for fun. Some breeders had such experience: when feeding, the octopus would deliberately hold the bait in the palm of its hand. The octopus would use its tentacles to pry the breeder's fingers apart and take away the delicious food. If it was a bait such as a snail or a shell, it would check it at the bottom of the water after taking it away, as if it was afraid that the breeder would trick it with a shell. Octopuses were such intelligent creatures. No wonder some science fiction novels, such as Star Wars, described Martians as octopus-shaped monsters.
1. What is the target of this article? What kind of camouflage skills did it have?
2. Why did octopuses possess these abilities?
3. Some people think that the word "only about" in the second paragraph is repeated. What do you think?
4. At the end of the article, he wrote that it was no wonder that some science fiction novels, such as Star Wars, actually described Martians as octopus-shaped monsters.
I'm anxious. Those who are better will get extra points. Thank you.

Answer 1

Master of Disguise in the Water: Octopus.

Octopus is a kind of marine creature with eight tentacles. It lives on the bottom of the sea and is one of the important members of the marine ecosystem.

Octopuses can use their soft tentacles to capture and carry prey, and they can also use their eyes and mouth to identify and attack prey.

Octopuses have gray or black shells and white or pink insides.

The tentacles of an octopus can change shape to adapt to different environments and needs.

Octopuses 'tentacles can be used to attack enemies, but they can also be used to express emotions and social relationships.

Octopuses have sensory organs inside their tentacles that can sense the location and direction of their prey.

Octopuses have a very strong learning ability. They can learn new skills and strategies by observing the behavior of other octopuses.

Octopuses are intelligent animals that can create all kinds of tools to protect themselves and their prey.

The tentacles and eyes of an octopus are very important. They can help the octopus identify and attack its prey. They can also help the octopus find food and avoid predators at the bottom of the sea.

Octopuses are a unique animal. They have an important position in the animal kingdom and a unique ecosystem.