The 18th and 19th centuries were the golden period of the development of novels. There were several reasons why so many famous novels appeared: The rise of literary traditions: The 18th and 19th centuries were an important period for European literary traditions. Many inherited and developed their own literary traditions. For example, the works of shakespeare, dickens, maupassant, tolstoy, and others had a profound influence on later literature. 2. The forms and techniques of the novel were constantly innovative: The 18th and 19th centuries were a period of constant innovation in the forms and techniques of the novel. Many new novel forms and techniques appeared, such as plot structure, character creation, and description techniques. Many had written more vivid and fascinating novels. 3. The demand of the novel market: The 18th and 19th centuries were the prosperous period of the novel market. Their works were widely spread in the market at that time, attracting a large number of readers. At the same time, they also received financial support to further promote the development of the novel. 4. social and cultural change: the 18th and 19th centuries were a period of social and cultural change. People's thoughts, values, and behavior had undergone tremendous changes. This change also provided an opportunity for the development of the novel. Many novels with depth and breadth were written.