Uncle Tom's Cabin was an American novel that mainly described the dark reality of slavery in the 18th century in the American South and the difficult journey a slave had to go through to escape slavery. The main idea of the novel was to criticize the darkness and injustice of slavery and emphasize the importance of human rights and freedom. Through the experiences of the protagonist, Uncle Tom, the novel depicted the cruelty and injustice of slavery, as well as the various difficulties and pains faced by slaves, such as forced labor, abuse and bullying, and loss of loved ones. At the same time, the novel also emphasized the importance of human rights and freedom. In the process of escaping slavery, Uncle Tom not only realized his own freedom, but also contributed to the freedom of society and the country. Uncle Tom's Cabin was a novel that deeply reflected the slavery system in the southern United States. It was also an important work about human rights and freedom. Its criticism and appeal had far-reaching significance for slavery and human rights issues.