The copyright of a novel usually belonged to the author or the copyright owner, not the publishing house or the publishing company. The ownership of a novel's copyright depended on the agreement between the author and the copyright owner. If the author of the novel was a person and the copyright already belonged to the author, then the copyright of the novel belonged to the author himself. A publishing house or a publishing company cannot publish a novel without the author's consent because it would mean violating the author's copyright. If there were multiple authors and the copyright belonged to one of the authors, then the copyright belonged to one of the authors. The publishing house or the publishing company can negotiate with any of the authors to ensure that they have the right to publish the novel. If the author of the novel is a group or organization and the copyright belongs to one of the authors, then the copyright of the novel belongs to one of the authors. The publishing house or the publishing company can negotiate with any of the authors to ensure that they have the right to publish the novel. The author and the copyright owner needed to negotiate and reach an agreement to ensure that the copyright of the novel could be protected in an appropriate period of time.