Ni Zan (1300 - 1370), a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, was one of the outstanding figures in the history of Chinese calligraphy. He advocated that the brush and ink should be used by me, not by the brush. He was famous for his unique artistic style and superb calligraphy skills. Ni Zan's representative works include the following: 1. Painting of Six Gentlemen: This is one of Ni Zan's most famous works and a classic in the history of Chinese calligraphy. The six gentlemen in the picture have different postures and serene expressions, which fully shows Ni Zan's superb artistic level and exquisite brush and ink skills. "Waterfowls Painting": This is a painting depicting waterbirds. The main color of the painting is light crimson. It shows Ni Zan's love for natural beauty and his unique aesthetic concept. "Xiaoxiang Painting": This is a painting depicting the water scenery of the Xiaoxiang River. There are mountains, rivers, trees and other elements in the painting, which shows Ni Zan's deep understanding and unique insights into nature. 4. Painting of Cold Pine in the Serene Stream: This is a painting depicting a pine tree. The pine tree in the painting is tall, straight, and has dense branches and leaves. It fully shows Ni Zan's calligraphy art and painting skills. The above four works are one of Ni Zan's representative works. Not only do they have high artistic value, but they are also classic works in the history of Chinese calligraphy. They have had a profound impact on the development of calligraphy in later generations.
The representative works of Wu Rui, a seal and official script calligrapher at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, included: [1. Mysterious Secret Pagoda Stele: This is one of Wu Rui's most famous works and also the most complete one of Wu Rui's seal inscriptions.] The stele is about 27 meters high and 12 meters wide. It was carved in 1368 and is one of the representative works of the Yuan Dynasty. 2 Dongli Yuefu Stele: This is the stele inscribed by Wu Rui for the Yuan Qu Dongli Yuefu. The stele is about 18 meters high and 12 meters wide. It was carved in 1367. The inscription was written in Xingkai script, which was one of the representative works of Wu Rui's official script. 3."Ode to Coral": This is the full text of the Fu written by Wu Rui for the Yuan Qu "Red Whisk". It is about 500 words long and was engraved in 1366. The standard and rigorous structure of the font of this work reflected Wu Rui's skill in seal script and official script. 4. Preface to the Holy Church: This is a preface written by Wu Rui for the Buddhist classic Daji Sutra. The preface is about 400 words long and was engraved in 1364. The structure of this work was standard and the beautiful handwriting reflected Wu Rui's standard of seal script and official script calligraphy. The above is one of Wu Rui's representative works. Other works include "Dongli Yuefu Zan" and "Dongli Yuefu Ji".
Wang Xizhi (303 - 361) was known as the "Calligraphy Saint" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His representative works include: 1 Preface to Lanting Collection: This is one of Wang Xizhi's most famous works. It is a preface describing a sightseeing trip during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, expressing Wang Xizhi's love for nature and his lament about the short life. 2. Preface to the Orchid Pavilion: This is Wang Xizhi's handwriting of Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection. It is a precious calligraphy work of art. The current one is a copy of the Tang Dynasty. It is elegant and free. The strokes are unrestrained and smooth. 3. The Mysterious Pagoda Stele: This is a stele written by Wang Xizhi, which records the development of Buddhism during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is one of the representative works of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. [4]"Jiucheng Palace Liquan Inscription": This is an inscription describing the name of an ancient palace, as well as some cultural relics and historical background in the palace. Wang Xizhi's handwriting is dignified, rigorous, and the strokes are round and beautiful. These works were all representative works of Wang Xizhi, which were regarded as classics in the history of Chinese calligraphy and had a profound influence on later generations of calligraphy.
The Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) was a dynasty in Chinese history. Its representative figures included Kublai Khan, Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie, etc. Kublai Khan (1206 - 1271) was the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. He established the central Mongol Empire and unified the country to become the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty. He carried out a series of reform measures such as unifying the currency, implementing the provincial system, and establishing the imperial examination system, which promoted the development of Chinese society. Wen Tianxiang (1236 - 1281) was the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. He was a general and national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, he refused to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty and led the army to resist the enemy. Finally, he committed suicide in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. His loyalty and bravery left an indelible impression on later generations. Zhang Shijie (1240 - 1285) was another national hero and military general of the Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the main anti-Yuan forces at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. He fought against the Yuan army in Fujian, Guangdong and other places and finally surrendered to the Southern Song Dynasty. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, he continued to resist the Yuan Dynasty's attack for the Southern Song Dynasty and finally died in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. In addition to the above-mentioned representatives, there were many other outstanding writers, artists, scientists, etc. Their representative works included classical Chinese novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, and Journey to the West, as well as modern novels such as Alai and Tang Xianzu.
The Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty in Chinese history. Its representative figures included Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, Yuan Wuzong, etc. Kublai Khan was the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. During his reign, he implemented a large-scale reform and established a central system. Yuan Shizu was the eldest son of Kublai Khan. During his reign, he implemented the "Great Unification" policy to strengthen his rule over the border areas. Yuan Wuzong was the second son of Kublai Khan. He carried out some reforms during his reign but did not achieve much. In literature, Kublai Khan's representative works included the "Yuan Qu Collection" and "Yuan Qu 300". Yuan Shizu's representative works included Journey to the West, Water Margins, etc. The representative works of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty included Records of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. These representative works all reflected the literary style and characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty, and had high artistic and historical value.
The Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty in Chinese history. The literary forms included Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese. In terms of Mongolian literature, the literary works of the Yuan Dynasty were mainly Mongolian novels such as "The Legend of Kublai Khan" and "The Chronicle of Yuan History". In the Tibetan language, there were many Tibetan novels in the Yuan Dynasty, such as "Da Yuan Zhengshuo" and "Snow Mountain Flying Fox". In Chinese, there were also some famous literary works such as Water Margins and Journey to the West. These works were all classics in the history of Chinese literature. The most famous characters in these works were Kublai Khan and Sun Wukong. Kublai Khan was the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. He had an important position in history. Sun Wukong was a superhero in Chinese mythology, and his story was often told by people like Wu Chengen's Journey to the West. These works had a profound influence on the development of Chinese literature.
What are the main parts of the Yuan Dynasty's opera culture? The following are some famous Yuan Dynasty dramas: 1. Guan Hanqing (c. 1230-1300)'s masterpieces: Dou E's Injustice, Bao Gong's Case, Xie Yaohuan 2. Bai Pu (c. 1240-1290)'s masterpieces: "Rain of the Phoenix Tree","Horse on the Wall","Romance of the West Chamber" 3. Zheng Sixiao (c. 1280-1340) Masterpieces: A Chinese Ghost Story, The Peony Pavilion 4. Ma Zhiyuan (c. 1290-1370)'s masterpieces: Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts, Han Palace Autumn, Legend of the White Snake 5. Bai Xianyong (1935 - 2011)'s masterpieces: Flowers of the Evil Sea, Dreams in the Garden, Peony Pavilion These are some of the famous Yuan Dynasty dramas. Bai Xianyong's works are regarded as one of the classics of modern literature. In addition, there were many other excellent Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Zaju Master Zhao Mengfu, Dramatist Yang Shen, and writer Ouyang Xiu.
The Yuan Dynasty Zaju was one of the main artistic forms of ancient Chinese opera: 1. Guan Hanqing (c. 1240 - 1300)'s masterpiece: Bao Daizhi's Three Examinations of the Butterfly Dream. 2. Bai Pu (c. 1260 - 1329)'s masterpieces: Wujiapo and Xie Yaohuan. 3 Zheng Sixiao (c. 1290 - 1360) masterpiece: Romance of the Western Chamber. 4. Ma Zhiyuan (c. 1301 - 1370)'s masterpiece: Tianjing Sand·Autumn Thoughts. 5. George (c. 1320 - 1370)'s masterpiece: A Chinese Ghost Story. These masterpieces had a wide range of social influence and historical value. Among them, Bai Pu, Zheng Sixiao, and Ma Zhiyuan were known as the Three Heroes of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, there were also some famous dramas such as Yang Jingxian, Huang Gongshao, Li Shizhong and others whose works were also of high artistic value.
The representative work of the engraving printing industry in the Yuan Dynasty was Journey to the West. This novel was about the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. It described the story of Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sand protecting Tang Sanzang from the West and finally obtaining the true scripture after 81 difficulties. This novel is a classic in ancient Chinese literature and also one of the representative works of the engraving printing industry in the Yuan Dynasty. The huge number of prints had a profound impact on the development of ancient Chinese literature and the printing industry.
The four great masters of Yuan opera referred to the opera of Yuan Dynasty, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu. Their representative works include: 1 (1230-1306): His representative works include "The Butterfly Dream","The West Chamber","A Chinese Ghost Story", etc. 2. Ma Zhiyuan (1290-1371): His masterpieces include Tianjing Sand·Autumn Thoughts, Han Palace Autumn·Sighing the Virtue of Stopping the Plane, etc. 3. Bai Pu (1248-1312): His representative works include "On the Wall","Rain on the Parasol Tree","Sapphire Case·Yuanxi", etc. 4. Zheng Guangzu (1306-1380): His masterpieces include A Chinese Ghost Story, The Romance of the Western Chamber, Luo Zhi Corpse Watch, etc. These works were very popular at that time and had a profound influence on later literature and art.
The representative works of the Song Dynasty included many famous paintings, some of which included: 1 Wen Tong's Painting of Spring Travel: It depicted the scene of the Song Dynasty painter Wen Tong and his friends traveling in spring. There were mountains and rivers in the painting, and the characters were vivid. 2. Su Shi's "Ode to the Red Cliff": This is a famous painting created by the Song Dynasty painter Su Shi, depicting the situation described by Su Shi in his "Ode to the Red Cliff". 3. Ouyang Xiu's 'The Drunkard's Pavilion' painting: This painting is a landscape painting created by Ouyang Xiu, a painter of the Song Dynasty, depicting the scene described by Ouyang Xiu in the 'The Drunkard's Pavilion. 4. Wang Anshi's " Boat Moored at Guazhou ": This is a landscape painting created by the Song Dynasty painter Wang Anshi, depicting Wang Anshi overlooking the landscape in Guazhou. These works represented the highest achievement of the Song Dynasty painting art and an important part of Chinese culture.