The literature of the secular literature era was divided into two forms: folk literature and what?The literature of the secular literature era was usually divided into two forms: folk literature and official literature.
Folk literature refers to those literary works that reflect social life, express the wishes of the people, and inherit national culture. It is usually created by folk artists and wise men. Its content covers all aspects of life, including war, marriage, labor, religion, belief, and so on. Folk literature often has strong local characteristics and cultural traditions, which is an important part of Chinese literature.
Official literature referred to literary works created by the government or cultural institutions. Their purpose was to publicize, shape the image of the government, promote culture, and promote social progress. The representative works of official literature included ancient Chinese literature, modern literature, foreign literature, and so on.
In the age of secular literature, the difference between folk literature and official literature gradually decreased, and the relationship between the two became closer. Many literary works combined elements of folk literature and official literature to better reflect social reality and express the wishes of the people. At the same time, the secular literature era also emphasized the trend of literature's commerce and entertainment, making literary works more oriented to the market and the needs of readers, paying more attention to the practicality and entertainment of literature.
What is modern Chinese literature? How is it divided into novels?Modern Chinese literature began to develop after the May 4th Movement in 1919. After experiencing different periods of development and changes, it formed its own unique literary style and characteristics.
Modern Chinese literature could be divided into two periods:
1. New Literature Period: 1920s to 1949. The literature of this period was mainly divided into two schools: New Moon School and literary realism. The New Moon School advocated the pursuit of literature's democratic, scientific, and modern style, emphasizing realism and symbolism in poetry and prose, while literary realism focused on reflecting social reality and human nature, emphasizing realism and criticism in literature.
2. Modern Literature Period:1949 to the present. The literature of this period was mainly divided into two schools: the modern school and the literature's modern nature. The modernist school emphasized the autonomy, ideology and culture of literature, and pursued the modernness and self-expression of literature, while the modernist school emphasized the modernisation and the integration of literature, emphasizing the connection and interaction between literature and world literature.
Modern Chinese literature could also be classified according to different standards and classification methods. For example, it could be categorized by literary genre, works, time, region, etc.
Children's literature is divided into three levels. Why are they divided like this?Children's literature was usually divided into three levels because it had different content and topics for different age groups. These three levels were:
1. Children's literature for kindergarten: It is suitable for children of kindergarten age to read. It usually contains simple storylines and language, as well as a lot of pictures and colors.
2. Primary school children's literature: suitable for children of primary school age to read. It is usually more complicated and logical, while emphasizing the story and character development.
3. Middle school children's literature: suitable for children of junior high school age. Reading is usually more in-depth and complex, involving more subject knowledge and cultural topics.
Why was it divided like this? This was because the target audience of children's literature was different. Children's literature in kindergarten is mainly used to let children learn and cultivate reading and imagination. Children's literature in primary school is used to let children better understand language and knowledge. Children's literature in middle school is used to let children explore their inner world and values more deeply. Different age groups require different content and language, so children's literature must be designed according to children's needs and interests.
The carriers of literature are divided into several categoriesThe carriers of literature could be divided into several categories.
1. Fictions: The literary form that uses characters, plots, and stories as its main form of expression is one of the most common forms of literature.
2. Poetry: A literary form that mainly uses images, lyrics, and rhythm to express itself. It is famous for its short and concise language and beautiful rhythm.
3. Prose: Literature forms that mainly express themselves through narration, description, and discussion usually have more free words.
4. Drama: A literary form that uses characters, plots, and stories as its main form of expression. It is often presented in the form of performance and has a strong performance power and appeal.
5. Painting and Calligraphy: A literary form that uses painting and calligraphy as its main form of expression. It is known for its superb skills and emotional expression.
6. Film and television: The literary form that uses film and television as the main mode of expression has a high degree of visual appeal and can better show the characters, plots, and stories.
In addition, there were many other forms of literature such as fairy tales, science fiction, history, geography, and so on. Each form of literature had its own unique characteristics and expressions.
How was the history of Chinese literature divided?In the history of Chinese literature, ancient literature was usually divided into three stages: the Pre-Qin philosophers, the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Each stage consisted of seven sections, and each section was usually divided according to a specific topic or event.
To be specific, the period of the Pre-Qin philosophers included the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Warring States Period, Han Feizi, and the Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals. The Qin and Han Dynasties included works such as Records of the Historian, Han Shu, Han Shu of the Later Han Dynasty, and Records of the Three Kingdoms. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were works such as Jin Shu, Southern and Northern Dynasties Shu, Song Shu, Qi Shu, Liang Shu, Wei Shu, Northern Qi Shu, and Northern Zhou Shu.
The theme or event of each paragraph is usually different, so the division is based on these different topics or events. For example, in the Records of the Historian, Sima Qian divided the history of the Qin and Han Dynasties into several stages, such as the struggle for hegemony between the vassals, the war between Chu and Han, and the unification of the six countries. Each stage had different events and characters. In Han Shu, the political system of the Han Dynasty was divided into several stages, such as Wang Mang's usurpation of the throne, the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms period. Each stage had different political events and cultural phenomena.
In which year was contemporary literature divided?The contemporary literature usually referred to the modern literature after the 20th century, which spanned from 1900 to 2000. However, the study and classification of literature is a broad field, so the definition of contemporary literature may vary according to different disciplines, research purposes, and standards.
How was modern literature divided into schools?Modern literature was divided into different schools according to different standards. The following are some common criteria for the classification of modern literature:
1. Style: Main basis. For example, the main characteristics of modern literature were anti-tradition and anti-rationality, while romantic literature was rich in emotion and imagination.
2. Genre of theme: It is mainly divided according to the theme or content depicted in the work. For example, the main feature of realism literature was to describe real life, while expressionism literature was to express the artist's inner feelings.
3. Political genre: It is mainly divided according to the social and political situation reflected in the works. For example, the main feature of the literature about the socialists was to describe the socialistic society. The main feature of the literature about the capitalists was to describe the capitalist society.
4. The social genre: It is mainly divided according to the social background depicted in the work and the living conditions of the people. For example, the realistic literature that reflected social reality and the modernist literature that focused on the fate of individuals.
5. Cultural genre: It is mainly divided according to the cultural environment and cultural background depicted in the work. For example, the literary works of cultural symbolism are mainly featured by depicting cultural symbols and symbols, while the literary works of cultural realism are mainly featured by depicting real life.
These standards for the division of schools were not absolute. Different standards for the division of schools might produce different literary schools. At the same time, the emergence and evolution of these schools were also complicated. Some schools might cross and influence each other.
How was the modern history of China divided? How was the modern history of literature divided?China's modern history could be divided into the following stages:
1. Late Paleolith to Xia Dynasty (2070 - 210 B.C.): The earliest human fossils found in China during this period marked the origin of human beings in China.
2 Xia Dynasty (210 - 206 B.C.): Xia Dynasty was the first feudal dynasty in China and established the political system of China.
3. Shang Dynasty (206 - 160 B.C.): The Shang Dynasty was a glorious period in Chinese history, leaving behind a rich cultural heritage.
The Western Zhou Dynasty (160 - 771 B.C.): The Western Zhou Dynasty was an important period in Chinese history. The implementation of the abdication system of the Zhou emperor marked the beginning of China's feudal system.
5 Eastern Zhou Dynasty (771 B.C. -256 A.D.): The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was a period of division in Chinese history. The Spring and Autumn Period was dominated by vassals, and the Warring States Period was dominated by seven heroes.
6 Qin Dynasty (221 - 206): The Qin Dynasty unified the six countries and established China's first central state.
The Western Han Dynasty (206 - 8 AD): The Western Han Dynasty was a prosperous period in Chinese history. The economy was prosperous and the culture developed.
The Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 AD): The Eastern Han Dynasty was a short period of political turmoil and cultural prosperity in Chinese history.
The period of the Three Kingdoms (220 - 280 AD): The period of the Three Kingdoms was a period of division in Chinese history. The three countries established their own political power.
10 Western Jin Dynasty (265 - 316 AD): The Western Jin Dynasty was a short period of political turmoil and cultural prosperity in Chinese history.
Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 - 420): The Eastern Jin Dynasty was a regime in Chinese history that marked the shift of the political, cultural, and economic center of gravity of southern China to the south.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties (420 - 589): The Northern and Southern Dynasties was a period of division in Chinese history. The Northern and Southern Dynasties attacked each other and the culture flourished.
Sui Dynasty (581 - 618): Sui Dynasty was a short period in Chinese history. Emperor Wen of Sui unified the Northern and Southern Dynasties and established the Sui Dynasty.
14 Tang Dynasty (618 - 907): The Tang Dynasty was a glorious period in Chinese history. The economy was prosperous and the culture developed.
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907 - 960): The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period was a period of division in Chinese history. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms each established their own political power and culture flourished.
16 Song Dynasty (960 - 1279): The Song Dynasty was a glorious period in Chinese history. The economy was prosperous and the culture was developed.
17 Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368): The Yuan Dynasty was a short period in Chinese history with a vast territory and a prosperous culture.
18 Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644): The Ming Dynasty was an important period in Chinese history. The economy was prosperous and the culture was developed.
19 Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912): The Qing Dynasty was a short period in Chinese history. The economy was backward and the culture was declining.
Modern History (1912 - 1949): This period was an important period in Chinese history. It experienced major events such as the 1911 Revolution, the May 4th Movement, the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the War of Liberation. China's politics, economy, and culture had made great progress.
The modern history of literature could be divided into the following stages:
1. The period of the Book of Songs (11th century B.C. -6th century B.C.): This period was the earliest period of poetry in China, represented by the Book of Songs.
2. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (6th century B.C. -221 B.C.): This period was a period of prosperity in Chinese history. There were hundreds of schools of thought such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, etc.
3. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): The Qin and Han Dynasties were an important period in Chinese history. It was the time when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty perished.
4. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): This period was a period of cultural prosperity in Chinese history. Many excellent literary works appeared, such as the Book of Jin and the Book of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
5 Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (589 - 1912): This period was a period of literary prosperity in Chinese history. Many famous literary works appeared, such as Tang poetry, Song prose, Yuan novels, and Ming opera.
How was the " Middle Ages " divided in literature and history? What was the difference?The " Middle Ages " in literature and history were two different concepts.
In history, the Middle Ages referred to a period in European history from about 500 to 1500 AD. This period was considered to be a period of major changes in European culture, politics, and social structure, including the rise of art and architectural styles such as the Religious Revolution, the Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo. During this period, the feudal system gradually disintegrated and the capitalist production relations began to sprout.
In literature, the Middle Ages referred to a period of European literature, usually from the 5th century to the 15th century. The literary works of this period were rich and varied, including poems, novels, plays, legends, and philosophical works. In this period, the main form of literature was poetry, especially medieval knight poetry and epics. In addition, novels were also important literary forms of this period, such as Don Quijote and One Hundred Years of Solitude.
Although the division of the Middle Ages in history and literature was different, there was a close connection between the two periods. During this period, the development of literature and art was influenced by history and social environment, but also reflected the political, economic and cultural changes at that time.
Genre is divided into article genre and literature genreGenre refers to the form and structure of an article or literary work, including article genre and literary genre.
The genre of an article usually refers to an article expressed in the form of words, such as news reports, reviews, essays, novels, essays, etc.
Literature genre referred to literary works that used words as a medium to express a certain theme and style through artistic techniques, such as novels, poems, plays, movies, music, etc.
Genre was also a very important concept in web novels. Different genre may have different writing styles, narrative methods, character shaping, etc. Therefore, when writing online novels, you need to choose the appropriate genre according to the needs and preferences of the readers.