Literature is usually divided into different types, including novels, poems, essays, plays, novels, fairy tales, science fiction, history, geography, art, and so on. These classifications were to facilitate readers 'understanding and reading, and to allow readers to better understand and appreciate different literary works.
Literature can usually be divided into many different types, including but not limited to: 1. Narration literature: Literature works that mainly tell stories include novels, plays, movies, etc. 2. Lyric literature: Literature works that express emotions, thoughts, or feelings include poetry, prose, and literary novels. 3. Science fiction: Literature that focuses on the future, technology, or mysticism, including science fiction and fantasy. 4. Historical literature: literary works that record historical events, characters, or culture include historical novels, biographies, and so on. 5. Psychological literature: Literature that focuses on describing human feelings, emotions, and thoughts includes psychological novels, emotional novels, etc. Nature literature: Literature that focuses on describing the natural world, animals, and plants, including nature novels, animal and plant novels, etc. 7. Geography literature: Literature that focuses on describing a specific region, city, or country, including geographical novels, urban novels, etc. 8. Language and literature: Literature works that focus on the study of language, pronunciation, and grammar include language novels, audio novels, and so on. These are just a part of the literary genre. In fact, there are many other types of literary works, each of which has its own unique characteristics and forms of expression.
Modern literature and contemporary literature were important periods in the history of literature. Modern literature is often considered to be a symbol of the shift in Western culture and thought, starting with the New Bible translation movement in 1848. On the other hand, contemporary literature usually referred to literature from the late 19th century to the early 20th century to the early 21st century, including various literary schools such as realism, post-realism, symbolism, romanticism, modernism, black humor, and so on. The literary works of this historical period had a variety of styles, topics, and depth of thought. It was a very colorful and important period in the history of literature.
The literature of the secular literature era was usually divided into two forms: folk literature and official literature. Folk literature refers to those literary works that reflect social life, express the wishes of the people, and inherit national culture. It is usually created by folk artists and wise men. Its content covers all aspects of life, including war, marriage, labor, religion, belief, and so on. Folk literature often has strong local characteristics and cultural traditions, which is an important part of Chinese literature. Official literature referred to literary works created by the government or cultural institutions. Their purpose was to publicize, shape the image of the government, promote culture, and promote social progress. The representative works of official literature included ancient Chinese literature, modern literature, foreign literature, and so on. In the age of secular literature, the difference between folk literature and official literature gradually decreased, and the relationship between the two became closer. Many literary works combined elements of folk literature and official literature to better reflect social reality and express the wishes of the people. At the same time, the secular literature era also emphasized the trend of literature's commerce and entertainment, making literary works more oriented to the market and the needs of readers, paying more attention to the practicality and entertainment of literature.
Children's literature was usually divided into three levels because it had different content and topics for different age groups. These three levels were: 1. Children's literature for kindergarten: It is suitable for children of kindergarten age to read. It usually contains simple storylines and language, as well as a lot of pictures and colors. 2. Primary school children's literature: suitable for children of primary school age to read. It is usually more complicated and logical, while emphasizing the story and character development. 3. Middle school children's literature: suitable for children of junior high school age. Reading is usually more in-depth and complex, involving more subject knowledge and cultural topics. Why was it divided like this? This was because the target audience of children's literature was different. Children's literature in kindergarten is mainly used to let children learn and cultivate reading and imagination. Children's literature in primary school is used to let children better understand language and knowledge. Children's literature in middle school is used to let children explore their inner world and values more deeply. Different age groups require different content and language, so children's literature must be designed according to children's needs and interests.
Modern literature is usually divided into the following categories: Realist literature: Literature that focuses on describing real life focuses on the complexity of social reality and human nature. 2. Modern literature: emphasizing the innovation and uniqueness of literary forms, exploring the nature of human existence and the possibility of literature. 3. Post-modern literature: It is a response to modern literature. It attempts to reveal and reflect on the nature of society and human existence through anti-traditional and anti-rational methods. 4. feminism literature: pay attention to women's life experience and gender roles, and explore the difficulties and challenges of women in the social and cultural fields. 5. Science fiction literature: Through fictional worldviews and technological settings, explore the possibilities of the future of mankind and the meaning of human existence. 6. Magical Realism Literature: Using supernatural or mysticism as a theme to explore human beliefs and supernatural phenomena through fictional plots and characters. Historicist literature: Literature with history as its theme focuses on historical events and characters to explore the nature and influence of history and society. 8. Literature criticism: The study of literary style, structure, theme, language, and other aspects of literature that is used to evaluate and analyze literary works.
The carriers of literature could be divided into several categories. 1. Fictions: The literary form that uses characters, plots, and stories as its main form of expression is one of the most common forms of literature. 2. Poetry: A literary form that mainly uses images, lyrics, and rhythm to express itself. It is famous for its short and concise language and beautiful rhythm. 3. Prose: Literature forms that mainly express themselves through narration, description, and discussion usually have more free words. 4. Drama: A literary form that uses characters, plots, and stories as its main form of expression. It is often presented in the form of performance and has a strong performance power and appeal. 5. Painting and Calligraphy: A literary form that uses painting and calligraphy as its main form of expression. It is known for its superb skills and emotional expression. 6. Film and television: The literary form that uses film and television as the main mode of expression has a high degree of visual appeal and can better show the characters, plots, and stories. In addition, there were many other forms of literature such as fairy tales, science fiction, history, geography, and so on. Each form of literature had its own unique characteristics and expressions.
In the history of Chinese literature, ancient literature was usually divided into three stages: the Pre-Qin philosophers, the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Each stage consisted of seven sections, and each section was usually divided according to a specific topic or event. To be specific, the period of the Pre-Qin philosophers included the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Warring States Period, Han Feizi, and the Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals. The Qin and Han Dynasties included works such as Records of the Historian, Han Shu, Han Shu of the Later Han Dynasty, and Records of the Three Kingdoms. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were works such as Jin Shu, Southern and Northern Dynasties Shu, Song Shu, Qi Shu, Liang Shu, Wei Shu, Northern Qi Shu, and Northern Zhou Shu. The theme or event of each paragraph is usually different, so the division is based on these different topics or events. For example, in the Records of the Historian, Sima Qian divided the history of the Qin and Han Dynasties into several stages, such as the struggle for hegemony between the vassals, the war between Chu and Han, and the unification of the six countries. Each stage had different events and characters. In Han Shu, the political system of the Han Dynasty was divided into several stages, such as Wang Mang's usurpation of the throne, the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms period. Each stage had different political events and cultural phenomena.
The contemporary literature usually referred to the modern literature after the 20th century, which spanned from 1900 to 2000. However, the study and classification of literature is a broad field, so the definition of contemporary literature may vary according to different disciplines, research purposes, and standards.
Modern literature was divided into different schools according to different standards. The following are some common criteria for the classification of modern literature: 1. Style: Main basis. For example, the main characteristics of modern literature were anti-tradition and anti-rationality, while romantic literature was rich in emotion and imagination. 2. Genre of theme: It is mainly divided according to the theme or content depicted in the work. For example, the main feature of realism literature was to describe real life, while expressionism literature was to express the artist's inner feelings. 3. Political genre: It is mainly divided according to the social and political situation reflected in the works. For example, the main feature of the literature about the socialists was to describe the socialistic society. The main feature of the literature about the capitalists was to describe the capitalist society. 4. The social genre: It is mainly divided according to the social background depicted in the work and the living conditions of the people. For example, the realistic literature that reflected social reality and the modernist literature that focused on the fate of individuals. 5. Cultural genre: It is mainly divided according to the cultural environment and cultural background depicted in the work. For example, the literary works of cultural symbolism are mainly featured by depicting cultural symbols and symbols, while the literary works of cultural realism are mainly featured by depicting real life. These standards for the division of schools were not absolute. Different standards for the division of schools might produce different literary schools. At the same time, the emergence and evolution of these schools were also complicated. Some schools might cross and influence each other.
Modern Chinese literature began to develop after the May 4th Movement in 1919. After experiencing different periods of development and changes, it formed its own unique literary style and characteristics. Modern Chinese literature could be divided into two periods: 1. New Literature Period: 1920s to 1949. The literature of this period was mainly divided into two schools: New Moon School and literary realism. The New Moon School advocated the pursuit of literature's democratic, scientific, and modern style, emphasizing realism and symbolism in poetry and prose, while literary realism focused on reflecting social reality and human nature, emphasizing realism and criticism in literature. 2. Modern Literature Period:1949 to the present. The literature of this period was mainly divided into two schools: the modern school and the literature's modern nature. The modernist school emphasized the autonomy, ideology and culture of literature, and pursued the modernness and self-expression of literature, while the modernist school emphasized the modernisation and the integration of literature, emphasizing the connection and interaction between literature and world literature. Modern Chinese literature could also be classified according to different standards and classification methods. For example, it could be categorized by literary genre, works, time, region, etc.