The history of American literature can be roughly divided into the following stages: 1. The colonial period (16th to 18th century): The works of this period mainly describe the social, political, economic, and cultural conditions of the colonies, including the translation of the Bible and the origin of literary traditions. 2. Revolutionary War Period (18th century): Works from this period reflect the major events during the Revolutionary War and the impact of the war on the colonies, including classic works such as The Adventures of Tom sawyer. 3. Federal period (19th century): The works of this period mainly reflect the political, social, and cultural changes in the United States, including classic works such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Catcher in the Rye. 4. Modern period (20th century): The works of this period reflect the major events and changes in the process of American modernisation, including classic works such as One Hundred Years of Solitude, 1984, and Gone with the Wind. 5. Post-modern period (21st century to present): The works of this period mainly reflect the complexity of American society and culture, including classic works such as The Three Bodies, Dark Forest, and Wandering Earth.
American literature is usually divided into the following stages: 1. Early literature (from the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century): including works before the American Revolutionary War, such as James Joyce's Ulysses and Thomas Hardy's tess of the d 'Urbervilles. 2. Prosperous literature (mid-19th century): Including works of literature from the mid-19th century such as William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and Birds of Virginia. 3. Modern literature (early 20th century to World War II): Including early 20th-century works such as Carl Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and Avalanche. As well as the literary works of the mid-20th century, such as Ernest Hemmingway's The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms. 4. Post-modern literature (post-World War II to present): Including works from the second half of the 20th century such as the Harry Potter series and George Orwell's 1984. The styles, topics, and literary schools of these works were different, but they all had a profound impact on the development and evolution of American literature.
European and American literature was usually divided into several periods. 1 Ancient Greek literature (5th-4th century) Representative: Homer, Iliad, Oddsey 2. Renaissance literature (14th-16th century) Representatives: shakespeare, bacon, newton Baroque literature (17th-18th century) Representatives: Du Fu, Russell, Dickens 4. Romanticism (19th century) Representatives: Hugo, Dickens, Jane Austen, Faulkner 20th-century literature Representative: Ernest, Marquez, Faulkner, Tolstoy, Maugham, Lao She, Mo Yan, Wang Xiaobo, Zhou Guoping, Lu Yao, Yu Hua, Calvino, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Mo Yan, Wang Xiaobo, Chai Jing, Liu Cixin, Su Tong, Zhu Ziqing, Lao She, Ba Jin, Lao She, Ba Jin, Qian Zhongshu, Lu Xun, Lao She, Cao Yu, Jin Yong, Huang Rong, Ling Huchong, Ximen Chuixue, Duan Yu, Qiao Feng, Huang Rihua, Liu Dehua, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou. Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham. Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou. Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige. Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi. Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingwa, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingwa, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham. Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Atwell, Jia Pingao, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Zhou Yong, Huang Jianzhong, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, Marquez, Maugham
The main forms of Chinese literature in different historical stages can be divided into the following: 1. Chinese literature in the Pre-Qin period: The Pre-Qin period was the initial stage of ancient Chinese literature. The main form of literature was poetry. For example, the Book of Songs was one of the representative works of the Pre-Qin period. It contained a large number of poems. 2. Chinese literature in the Qin and Han Dynasties: The Qin and Han Dynasties were the heyday of ancient Chinese literature. The main forms of literature were narrative poems, Fu, prose, and Yuefu poems. Among them, narrative poems and Fu were the main literary forms, such as Song of Everlasting Regret and Legend of the White Snake. 3. Chinese literature during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the low point of ancient Chinese literature. The main forms of literature were Ci, Qu, and poetry. Among them, Ci was the main literary form, such as "Green Jade Case·Yuan Xi" and so on. 4. Chinese literature in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: The Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were the peak period of ancient Chinese literature. The main forms of literature were Ci, poetry, prose, and novels. Among them, Ci was the main literary form, such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, etc. Poetry is the main form of prose, such as "Yueyang Tower","Drunkard Pavilion" and so on. Prose and novel were the other two main forms of literature in this period, such as Journey to the West and Water Margins. Modern Chinese literature: Modern Chinese literature began to develop from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, mainly in the form of novels, poetry, prose, and drama. Among them, novels were the main form of literature, such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, etc. Poetry was the main form of prose, such as "Ascending High" and "Seven Laws·Long March". Prose and drama were the other two main forms of literature in this period, such as "Back View" and "The True Story of Ah Q".
Moreover, historical American Indian novels have influenced modern American literature in terms of themes and writing styles. Many contemporary authors draw inspiration from the deep connection to the land, the spiritual beliefs, and the sense of community that these novels portray. They add a unique flavor to the broader tapestry of American literature.
Historical African American novels have added diverse voices. For example, they introduced unique storytelling styles. Their themes of struggle, identity, and racism broadened the scope of American literature. Novels like 'Invisible Man' made other writers think about the concept of invisibility in society in a new way.
Early American historical romance novels had a significant influence. They helped to shape the American identity in literature. For example, novels like 'The Scarlet Letter' by Nathaniel Hawthorne explored the Puritan past, which was an important part of early American history. This exploration of history in a fictional and romantic context made readers more aware of their roots. Also, James Fenimore Cooper's works, such as 'The Last of the Mohicans', introduced the frontier and Native American cultures into American literature in a romanticized way, which added a new dimension to the literary landscape.
Her historical novels, like 'Jazz', are important because they break the mold of traditional American literature. Morrison uses unique narrative techniques and complex characters. In 'Jazz', the narrative structure mimics the rhythm of jazz music, creating a distinct reading experience. This novel also explores themes of love, passion, and the city life in the context of African - American history in the early 20th century.
The history of Chinese literature is a literary treasure house with a long history. Its development process can be divided into many stages. The first stage was from the 11th century to the 6th century. The literary works of this period were mainly poems such as Guan Ju and 300 Poems. The second stage was from the 6th century B.C. to the 2nd century B.C. The literary works of this period were mainly the Songs of Chu, the earliest romantic poems in the history of Chinese literature. The third stage was the Yuefu Poetry of the Han Dynasty, from the 2nd century B.C. to 220 A.D. The literary works of this period were mainly Yuefu poems such as Song of Everlasting Regret and Song of Pipa. The fourth stage was the Tang Dynasty poetry era from 220 to 907. The literary works of this period were mainly Tang Dynasty poems such as Du Fu's Ascending and Bai Juyi's Song of Everlasting Regret. The fifth stage was the Song Dynasty literary era from 907 to 1279. The literary works of this period were mainly Song Dynasty literature such as Su Shi's Ode to the Red Cliff and Xin Qiji's Sapphire Case. The sixth stage was from 1279 to 1368. The literary works of this period were mainly Yuan novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Water Margins. The seventh stage was the prose era of the Ming Dynasty, from 1368 to 1644. The literary works of this period were mainly Ming Dynasty prose, such as Xu Wei's Travels of Xu Xiake and Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. The eighth stage was the Qing Dynasty literature era, from 1644 to 1911. The literary works of this period were mainly Qing Dynasty literature such as Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber and Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. These stages were not absolute. There were also some overlapping and gradual relationships.
In literary criticism, there are three kinds of stylistic views: literary style and literary aesthetics. The following is a brief introduction of the three styles: 1. Traditional stylistic view: emphasize classical literature, medieval literature, and Renaissance literature. This view of literary style believed that literature should inherit and carry forward cultural traditions, emphasizing the historical and authoritative nature of literature. 2. Modern stylistic view: emphasizing that literature should reflect reality and express the emotions and thoughts of modern people. This view of literary style believes that literature should have the characteristics of the times and authenticity, emphasizing the practicality and utility of literature. 3. Postmodern stylistic view: emphasizing that literature should transcend tradition and reality in pursuit of freedom and individual expression. This stylistic view believes that literature should have symbolism, Existentialism and post-modern styles, emphasizing the freedom and rebellion of literature. Each of the three styles has its own characteristics and scope of application. Choose a suitable style to better express your thoughts and feelings.
Renaissance literature was an important period in the history of European literature, and its development could be divided into many stages. The following are the stages and characteristics of the development of Renaissance literature: 1 Early Renaissance (late 14th century to early 16th century): The literature of this period was mainly Italian literature, and the representative figures were Dante, Alighieri, Virgil, etc. His literary style was mainly poetry, and his language was beautiful and poetic. He showed his admiration and worship for ancient Greek and Roman culture. 2. Middle Renaissance (early 16th century to early 17th century): The literature of this period was mainly British literature, and the representative figures were William shakespeare and Bacon. His literary style was mainly drama and novels, which showed his concern and criticism of social reality, but also showed his pursuit of humanism. 3. Late Renaissance (early 17th century to early 18th century): The literature of this period was mainly represented by American literary figures such as Newton and Dickens. His literary style was mainly novels and poems, which showed the pursuit of freedom, equality, and democracy. At the same time, it also showed the reflection and criticism of traditional culture. The characteristics of Renaissance literature included: 1. Humanism: Renaissance literature showed the pursuit of humanism, emphasizing human dignity and value, individual freedom and the development of personality. 2. Admire ancient culture: Renaissance literature admired and worshipped ancient Greek and Roman culture throughout the entire period. Symbols and symbols of ancient culture often appeared in literary works. 3. Beautiful language: The language of the Renaissance literature is beautiful and poetic, showing the love of language and literature. 4. Play and novels: Renaissance literature mainly used plays and novels to show concern and criticism of social life, but also showed a love for art.