The secular literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was widely circulated, including novels, essays, poems, couplets, etc. Among them, novels were the most widely circulated, such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Journey to the West, etc. These works reflected the life of the society at that time, as well as the culture and thoughts of that time.
There were several reasons why novels were so popular during the Ming and Qing Dynasties: 1. Social background: The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the later period of China's feudal society. The society was turbulent, the politics were corrupt, and the people lived in poverty. These social backgrounds provided a broad stage for the creation of novels. 2. Literature Form: The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties take the "Four Great Masterpieces" as an example. They adopt various literary forms such as "Dream of the Red Chamber", which focuses on the rise and fall of families."Water Margins", which focuses on heroes and righteous people."Journey to the West", which focuses on the description of immortals and monsters."Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which focuses on the description of war and strategy. These works had distinct personalities and unique styles that attracted a wide range of readers. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of cultural prosperity in Chinese history. People were keen to read all kinds of literary works. As a new form of literature, novels met the aesthetic needs of readers at that time, so they were widely circulated. 4. Literature influence: The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had a profound influence on the literature of later generations and became a classic in the history of Chinese literature. These novels were not only widely circulated at that time, but also widely read and studied today. They have become an important part of Chinese literature.
The main reason why novels were so popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the development of commerce and printing technology, as well as the development of social economy and the popularity of culture. During this period, the creation and spread of Chinese novels had been greatly developed and became an important part of Chinese traditional culture.
Qian Zhongshu's literary masterpiece was Fortress Besieged.
The most widely circulated book in the world is the Bible. According to Christian tradition, this book was written by God's revelation and is the guide and spiritual pillar of faith for believers. It is estimated that the Bible contains about 27 volumes with a total of more than 80 million words. It is one of the largest, oldest and most popular books in the world. This book has a very high circulation. There are currently more than two billion copies of the Bible published worldwide.
😋I recommend the following novels to you: "Destined to be the Imperial Concubine,""The Rebirth of a Dwarf in Time Travel," and "I Didn't Think I Would Time Travel Again" are all humorous and funny time travel novels. I hope you like my recommendations. Muah ~😗
The main reason for the widespread spread of secular literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was due to the social and economic development, the improvement of people's living standards, and the increase in cultural needs. At the same time, the influence and promotion of the imperial examination system made secular literature an important part of social culture. Secular literature mainly described social life, family ethics, love stories, etc., which were close to people's lives and were deeply loved by people. In addition, the secular literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was also influenced by literary works such as "Dream of the Red Chamber" and became a new literary form.
The appreciation of secular literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had undergone many changes. The following are some of the main trends: 1. emphasize moral education: during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, secular literature emphasized moral education more and advocated "Confucianism" and "Li Xue". In literary works, sentences with educational significance often appeared, such as "learning civil and military arts and imperial family", which showed the importance of knowledge and the yearning for fame. 2. Pay attention to describing life: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, secular literature paid more attention to describing real life. In the literary works, there were some works that reflected real life, such as "Dream of the Red Chamber". These works showed people's living conditions and psychological changes through delicate descriptions. 3. Pay attention to lyricism: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, secular literature paid more attention to lyricism. In literary works, sentences describing love, friendship and other emotions often appeared, such as "When will we meet again?" At this time, this night is embarrassing, and so on to show the value of love and friendship and strong feelings. 4. Changes in language style: The language style of secular literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had some changes. The more standardized and concise words used were also more elegant, such as "Jade Hook Yellow Scroll", which showed the improvement of literary taste. 5. Changes in literary forms: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were some changes in the literary forms of secular literature, such as the rise of novels and the further development of literary forms such as poetry and prose. The appreciation of secular literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties experienced many changes, such as emphasizing moral education to describing life, from emphasizing lyricism to changing language style and literary form.
The Song Dynasty's Huaben and the Ming and Qing Dynasty's novels were two important periods in the development of ancient Chinese novels. The Song Dynasty's Huaben was the earliest form of vernacular novels in the history of Chinese novels. It was based on folk oral traditions and mainly in the form of rap. The content was extensive and varied, mainly spread among the people of the Song Dynasty and later generations. The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the pinnacle of the Chinese novel history. They appeared in the form of written literature, rich in content, profound in thought, and beautiful in writing, which had a profound impact on the creation of novels in later generations.
The most widely circulated dictionary in the world is the English-Chinese dictionary, which was published by the University of Cambridge Press in 1953. The book contains 2.6 million words and has nearly 17000 pages. It is one of the largest dictionary books in the world and one of the essential tools for English students and professionals.
According to the data of World Magazine in 2021, the magazine with the most circulation in the world was World Magazine, which had 120 issues and was published once a week. The magazine has a circulation of about 18 million copies in more than 180 countries and regions around the world. It was one of the most famous comprehensive magazines in the world, covering literature, art, fashion, food, tourism, technology and many other topics. It was known as one of the most influential magazines in the world.